Comparative analysis of human and bovine protein kinases reveals unique relationship and functional diversity

Abstract

Reversible protein phosphorylation by protein kinases and phosphatases is a common event in various cellular processes. The eukaryotic protein kinase superfamily, which is one of the largest superfamilies of eukaryotic proteins, plays several roles in cell signaling and diseases. We identified 482 eukaryotic protein kinases and 39 atypical protein kinases in the bovine genome, by searching publicly accessible genetic-sequence databases. Bovines have 512 putative protein kinases, each orthologous to a human kinase. Whereas orthologous kinase pairs are, on an average, 90.6% identical, orthologous kinase catalytic domain pairs are, on an average, 95.9% identical at the amino acid level. This bioinformatic study of bovine protein kinases provides a suitable framework for further characterization of their functional and structural properties.

Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers

“…FLT3 is a member of type III receptor tyrosine kinase family (also called the platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family) [83]. A small portion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients also carry mutations of FLT3 [84].…”

Grb10 is a dual regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling

“…The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a family of four receptor tyrosine kinases including EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3 and ERBB4 [56,57]. This family proteins are over-expressed in many cancers.…”

SOCS proteins in regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling

“…Within the more than 500 mammalian protein kinases described about 90 are classified as tyrosine kinases, of which about 60 belong to the RTK family [1,2]. All RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture with three key features: an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic kinase domain.…”