Inheritance of fruit color and pigment changes in a yellow tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) mutant

Abstract

A naturally occurring yellow tomato fruit mutant cv. Santa Clara was reciprocally crossed with the red wild type, after which F1 plants were self pollinated or backcrossed with both parents. Plants from F1 generations produced all fruits with a homogeneous deep red color when ripe. F2 plants showed a 3:1 red:yellow segregation of fruit color, and 100% red when backcrossed with red wild type or 1:1 red:yellow segregation in backcrosses with the yellow mutant; hence, yellow fruit color was determined by a recessive allele. Based on reciprocal crosses, fruit color is unlikely to be determined by maternal genes. Accumulation of lycopene dropped by 99.3% and<FONT FACE="Symbol"> b</font>-carotene by 77% in ripe yellow fruits, compared to the red wild type. Leaf and flower chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations were not affected by the yellow mutation. However, the mutant fruit had a higher rate of chlorophyll degradation during fruit ripening, whilst fruit from the F1 generation showed lower rates of degradation, similar to that observed in red wild type fruits.<br>Neste trabalho avaliou-se a herança da cor do fruto de um mutante natural da cv. Santa Clara, por meio da análise das gerações F1 e segregantes, obtidas mediante cruzamento entre plantas da cv. Santa Clara normal e o mutante amarelo. A caracterização das plantas normais, mutantes e F1 foi feita com base na análise quantitativa dos pigmentos carotenóides e clorofila em flores, folhas e frutos verdes e maduros. Plantas F1 e provenientes do retrocruzamento com o progenitor normal apresentaram 100% de frutos vermelhos. A semelhança entre os F1 recíprocos mostra que há ausência de herança materna para as características avaliadas. Em gerações segregantes, as freqüências observadas foram compatíveis com herança monogênica pelo teste qui-quadrado, com dominância completa para o gene que confere cor vermelha. Os frutos amarelos apresentaram teores reduzidos de <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-caroteno e licopeno, enquanto o híbrido apresentou teores intermediários desses carotenóides quando comparados com o genótipo normal. Os níveis de clorofila em frutos verde-maduros e maduros mutantes foram menores que nos frutos normais, evidenciando o papel dos carotenóides sobre a fotoproteção da clorofila. A concentração de clorofila e carotenóides, em folhas e flores, não foi afetada pela mutação

Determination of vitamin A content from selected Nigerian fruits using spectrophotometric method

“…However, the report about beta carotene content in tomato (3500 μg/100g) was in fair agreement with the result of the present study. But one thing is similar in all the work carried out and worthy of note in the present study which is that carrot is the richest and well known source of beta-carotene and hence vitamin A among the selected fruits in Nigeria (Lieberman and Bruning, 1990;Rigo et al, 1999;Patricia et al, 2004). This was clearly shown in Fig.…”

“…For example; Comparatively lower contents were reported in carrots (11210 μg/100g) and tomato (1610 μ g/100g) by Ahmad et al (2007) in the determination of beta carotene and those reported in which beta carotene content in carrot was 10110 μg/100g and tomato 1930 μg/100g. The variation observed in the tomato content of beta carotene may be due to the use of overripe samples in their own study, because content of beta carotene drops by 77% during the ripening process (Rigo et al, 1999) and may also be due to varietal difference among other factors.…”

Analysis of the genetic control of β-carotene and l-ascorbic acid accumulation in an orange-brownish wild cherry tomato accession

“…et al) D.M. Spooner et al (Chalukova 1988;Manuelyan et al 1975;Rick 1956;Stommel and Haynes 1994), to those with low b-carotene and low lycopene contents (yellow fruits) (Rego et al 1999) or those with high lycopene content at the expense of b-carotene (Ronen et al 2000) or other carotenoids, such as prolycopene (tangerine tomatoes) (Isaacson et al 2002) or d-carotene (Ronen et al 1999). Ascorbic acid content also varies considerably among tomato cultivars and its wild species (Galiana-Balaguer et al 2001;Stevens et al 2007).…”

Characterization, pollen behavior and propagation of five selected Hibiscus hybrids (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.)

“…Furthermore, the present result jibed with the findings in tomato cv. Sta Clara, indicating that red peel is dominant to yellow (Do Rêgo et al, 1999).…”