Notas para uma história da exploração madeireira na Mata Atlântica do sul-sudeste

Abstract

O artigo apresenta uma revisão das contribuições ao tema da história da indústria madeireira na Mata Atlântica. Após uma breve exposição conceitual, na qual delineamos a noção de Mata Atlântica brasileira, passamos em revista aos trabalhos, organizados em dois grandes períodos: o colonial, estendendo-se, para além da época do domínio português, até fins do século XIX; e o contemporâneo, compreendendo, basicamente, a primeira metade do século XX. Detemo-nos, então, nos pormenores do caso do Alto Vale do rio Uruguai, oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, estudado através de pesquisa arquivística e métodos de história oral. Por fim, fazemos algumas considerações buscando apontar possíveis caminhos futuros de investigação.

Native forest management in subtropical South America: long-term effects of logging and multiple-use on forest structure and diversity

“…Widespread, unregulated selective logging occurred from the 1880s to the 1990s-peaking from the 1930s to 1970s-when several Fig. 1 Geographical situation of the study area in southern Brazil, and the spatial distribution of the studied subtropical mixed forest fragments (times symbol) and the Reserve (black circles) local lumber mills were established, and nearly all merchantable timber was removed (Guerra et al 2002;Cabral and Cesco 2008). Very little information on the intensity, frequency and operational details of such logging activities is available.…”

“…Expanding human settlements frequently begins encroachment on mature forests through selective logging operations adjacent to newly cleared lands or roads (Gerwing 2002;Asner et al 2006). This most often generates an economic cycle based on the logging industry that lasts until local demand declines or commercially valuable timber is exhausted (Uhl et al 1997;Gerwing 2002;Cabral and Cesco 2008). This phase is frequently followed by a much longer period in which forests can be subject to chronic disturbance represented by multiple-use that may include cattle encroachment for shelter and forage, seed harvesting and tree cutting for fuel wood and other uses (Uhl et al 1997).…”

“…They constitute the main forest type at latitudes 18°to 30°S in southern Brazil and adjacent areas of eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina at altitudes above ca. 500 masl At the beginning of the twentieth century, some 25 million ha of Araucaria mixed forest existed (Ribeiro et al 2009) but the high timber value of A. angustifolia led to extensive logging of the Brazilian mixed forests in the late nineteenth and most of twentieth centuries (Guerra et al 2002;Cabral and Cesco 2008), reducing them to 12.6 % of their former extent (Ribeiro et al 2009). The vast majority of remaining mixed forests is composed of small fragments (*79 % of the fragments are \50 ha) and located in private lands, since only 3.1 % of the remaining forests are under legal protection (Ribeiro et al 2009).…”

Conifer demography in forest–grassland mosaics: a landscape-scale study over a 24-year period

“…Early indigenous people historically managed species of the genus Araucaria as a strategic food resource (Reis et al 2014). However, it is unlikely that current Araucaria distribution patterns reflect hunter-gatherer activities due to widespread logging of Araucaria during the 19 th and 20 th centuries (Cabral and Cesco 2008). Contemporary grassland disturbance through fire and cattle management, on the other hand, is believed to prevent forest expansion by suppressing tree establishment (Blanco et al 2014).…”

Growth Dynamics of Araucaria after Management Interventions in Natural Forest

“…Kuntze (Brazilian pine; araucaria) is a tree species characteristic of Mixed Ombrophilous Forests (MOF), also known as Forests with Araucaria (IBGE, 2012). In Brazil, this formation occurs in the southern states located below the Tropic of Capricorn, having a humid subtropical climate, within latitudes 19 and 31° S and longitudes 41 and 54° W (Cabral & Cesco, 2008), 500 to 1200 m above sea level (Guerra et al, 2002).…”