Impacto de la visita domiciliaria familiar en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de medicina en el área de Pediatría Social

Abstract

This article reports the results from a study conducted among medical students at the University of Antioquia. Its aim was to assess the impact of family home visits that favored the processes of comprehensive training through meaningful learning. This was a qualitative-interpretative case study with systematization, using the following instruments: interviews, surveys, focus groups, document analysis and participant observation (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). The results showed that when medical consultations were complemented with family home visits, students became sensitized, which increased their motivation and activated their willingness to learn meaningfully. Additionally, it was demonstrated that family home visits presented links with an active didactic strategy that when implemented intentionally, had an impact on students' humanist and social profile as future healthcare professionals. Application of this strategy is important for teaching social pediatrics and internal medicine.

Teaching about home visits to university students

“…All articles had weak evidence level (8) . In most of the studies (66.0%), students positively assessed home visit use as a pedagogical strategy in the training process (A1 (11) , A3 (13) , A4 (14) , A5 (15) ).…”

“…The study A4 (14) brought important results of a study carried out with medical students to evaluate the impact of the home visit on the process of teaching and learning in the community. The students´ perceptions were analyzed in reality lived by them, through data collection instruments, such as interviews, focus groups of students and teachers, analysis of evaluation reports.…”

“…The studies point out potentialities in the use of the home visit as an educational strategy for undergraduate students of the health area, in the practice of teaching in primary care. These potentialities have been described as (re) knowing health problems (A1 (11) , A2 (12) , A5 (15) , A6 (16) ) and establishing behaviors according to the patients' living conditions by listening feelings of the relationship with patients and their relatives (A1 (11) ); to develop interaction, bonding and reflection on the health needs of families and to allow a broader view of the determinants of the health-disease process, including socioeconomic, environmental, physical and emotional health (A2 (12) , A3 (13) , A5 (15) , A3 (16); in the extra class spaces, the student experiences the facts and presents more conditions to make the diagnosis and the treatment appropriate to the reality of the patients; Encouraging the student to become a more autonomous subject in the process of formation in contexts of uncertainties and complexities (A3 (13) ); it allows students to develop hypotheses, socialize and become active subjects in the construction of their knowledge, to promote meaningful learning (A4 (14) ); to allow the attachment of the student to the family and promotes the humanization of care, based on the affective and trusting relationship (A6 (16) ). Regarding the weaknesses, the studies present different factors, such as a feeling of impotence in the social needs of the patients, in which the possibility of interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial attention is not known as mediator of the health care and difficulty of understanding the student´s role as facilitator of the family bond (A (11) ); need for greater organization and planning of the home visit (A2 (12) ); home visits are sporadic and of short duration, often carried out focusing on the individual and not on the family.…”

Educational Strategy on Home Visits Based on Massive Open Online Courses

“…Diante disso, espera-se que ela traga contribuição significativa para a integralidade da atenção e da humanização do cuidado. 25 A incorporação de recursos tecnológicos ao ensino de graduandos da área da saúde tem permitido o direcionamento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, proporcionando um ambiente dinâmico e estimulante tanto para o educador quanto para o aluno, transformando-o em sujeito ativo na busca do conhecimento. Além disso, o uso das tecnologias aumenta as oportunidades de educação, sendo possível, por meio do computador, simular situações reais da prática profissional, proporcionando habilidades práticas e desenvolvendo competências na área de interesse.…”

Meaning of Home Visits to Brazilian Health Students

“…Another study showed that when academic activities were complemented with family home visits, students became sensitized, more reflexive, which increased their motivation and activated their willingness to learn meaningfully. 19 Based on these results, it can be argued that the success of the Family Health Strategy team interventions partly depends on the qualification of the professionals involved, resulting from relevant interchanges. These experiences, however, need to be accompanied by theoretical discussions, in order to deepen and broaden the health concepts focusing the individual, family and community perspective.…”