A contribuição de um museu de ciências na formação de concepções sobre saúde de jovens visitantes

Abstract

As pesquisas no campo da educação indicam a importância de se desenvolverem ações educativas a partir da realidade e dos conhecimentos prévios do público envolvido. Partindo deste pressuposto, realizamos uma investigação no Museu da Vida (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro) com objetivo de melhor compreender a influência da visita ao museu na formação de concepções sobre saúde. Participaram da pesquisa 56 jovens estudantes de Ensino Médio de escolas públicas, integrantes do Projeto Ciência e Sociedade, desenvolvido no museu. A metodologia qualitativa contou com as seguintes estratégias: aplicação de 56 questionários e realização de entrevistas com 18 desses sujeitos, antes da visita; realização de 14 entrevistas após a visita e de 12, um ano depois. Os resultados indicaram que as atividades educativas oferecidas contribuíram para estabelecer relações entre os principais temas abordados (história, ciência, tecnologia, ambiente e saúde), ampliando as concepções sobre saúde dos jovens participantes.

Estratégias pedagógicas para educação em saúde com adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa Educational strategies for health education with teens: a review integrative

“…The study of Silva and Araujo confirms that analysis and says that innovative change scenarios more value, since the aim is to provide opportunities for adolescents to make decisions about their own health with autonomy. 26 Among the other found scenarios highlights the use of the museum, considered as a science communication space and can contribute in different ways for health 10 education and can also be a health unit 3 or even another scenario not cited in these publications.…”

“…24 The fourth pillar which can be considered decisive in these types of strategies is the search for a theoretical framework to guide the work of both the educators, as the students, it theoretically guide and methodologically a strategy, generating a better level of depth, quality and reliability in results. 2,6,7,10,21,24,27,28 As an example to justify the use of a game 21 , one of the studies, state that such a strategy is based on a constructivist approach, as well as in the study 24 Lopes and collaborators, who use the assumptions of the sensitive creative method that incorporates Freire's philosophy. This perspective is associated with Freire's concepts of what is to be critical, and you can understand that such strategies favor the transforming action of reality as a way to exercise critical, exercised through the awakening of epistemological curiosity of students and can then contribute to the construction a world in favor of the people and free from oppression.…”

“…10 Another study mentions the use of the visit to the clinic in order to stimulate demand and acceptance of adolescents to health services. In this paper, it was used as an alternative to external area of the BHU, where students formed conversation circles, sitting on the patio floor, getting comfortable, free uniform, a situation that allowed the free expression of questions and made the meeting at a time also leisure.…”

“…Another challenging aspect is to define which content is relevant to assist the subject in the (re) construction of larger and appropriate health concepts. 10 The nurse is in school, a privileged setting of care, so the inclusion of nursing is necessary in this environment to be a cause for reflection-action on this theme through a liberating education and emancipatory practices, in which the subject is active in search appropriate lifestyle habits.…”

Educação em saúde no contexto da Saúde da Família na perspectiva do usuário

“…Tal fato pode tornar a educação em saúde reducionista, já que não se ancora no conceito ampliado de saúde e na promoção em saúde, que devem nortear as práticas educativas (Rocha, Schall, Lemos, 2010;Schall, Struchiner, 1999).…”