Sem mágicas soluções: a prevenção e o cuidado em HIV/ AIDS e o processo de emancipação psicossocial

Abstract

Sem mágicas soluções: a prevenção e o cuidado em HIV/ AIDS e o processo de emancipação psicossocial PAIVA, V. Beyond magical solutions: prevention of HIV and Aids and the process of "psychosocial emancipation", Interface -Comunic, Saúde, Educ, v.6, n.11, p.25-38, 2002. This text discusses the need to politicize psycho-educational arenas and presents the idea of a "psycho-social emancipation" as one of the references for improved operationalization of the notion of vulnerability in the field of prevention of new HIV infections and of the organization of care for those who are AIDs carriers. Reflecting on actions designed to encourage patients to take their medication and use condoms, it suggests that the prevention of HIV should overcome models devised for "HIV negative" people and that the prevent-assist continuum should be radicalized. To this end, it is pressing to: take into account the facts accumulated in the field of cultural analyses and of psychosocial research in the planning and organization of preventive actions and of providing assistance to HIV carriers, including, for instance, the ideas of oppressive social construction of two genders, masculine and feminine; overcome the notion of "individuals as consumers" (of services, educational programs, condoms and prescribed medication, of behaviors and safe practices to be practiced); foster the innovation of prevention and care actions. Working with the idea of a "subject-citizen individual", co-participant in the psycho-educational arenas whose horizon consists of psychosocial emancipation, can enhance the quality of preventive actions and of integrated care of HIV and AIDS patients, so as to include "all" Brazilians, according to the socio-cultural context of "each one", both men and women, testing positive or negative.KEY WORDS: HIV, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; social support; health education.Este texto discute a necessidade de politizar os espaços psicoeducativos e propõe a noção de "emancipação psicossocial" como uma das referências para aprofundar a operacionalização da noção de vulnerabilidade no campo da prevenção de novas infecções pelo HIV e da organização do cuidado dos portadores. Refletindo sobre ações para a adesão aos medicamentos e ao preservativo, sugere que a prevenção ao HIV deve superar modelos pensados para cidadãos "HIV negativos" e que se radicalize o continuum prevenir-assistir. Para tanto, é urgente: considerar os fatos acumulados no campo da análise cultural e da pesquisa psicossocial no planejamento e organização de ações de prevenção e de assistência aos portadores, incorporando, por exemplo, as noções da construção social opressiva de dois gêneros, masculino e feminino; superar a noção de "indivíduo-consumidor" (de serviços, programas educativos, preservativos e medicação receitados, de comportamentos e práticas seguras a serem treinadas); estimular a renovação das ações de prevenção e cuidado. Trabalhar com a noção de "indivíduo sujeito-cidadão", co-participante de espaços psico-educativos que têm como horizonte ...

Vulnerabilidade ao HIV: turismo e uso de álcool e outras drogas

“…This analysis may provide backing for drawing up health education programs that are more appropriate for tourism host communities, thereby stimulating the creation of local preventive technologies that will respond to the challenges posed by the state of vulnerability. 3,12 We agree with Bellis et al 4 that the responsibility for undertaking programs of this type lies not only with the public authorities, but also with the commercial organizations that operate within the world of tourism. Tour agencies, airline companies, hotels, restaurants, bars and nightclubs must help to protect the health of tourists and local residents through supporting health education initiatives within the host communities, among other actions of social responsibility.…”

Consentimento informado: estratégia para mitigar a vulnerabilidade na assistência hospitalar

“…The quest for psychosocial emancipation is also pointed out by Paiva 27 as a fundamental path for the formation of subjects aware of their citizenship and to guarantee them access to social rights as good assistance services. For the author, the perspective of the individual citizen is that of someone capable of recognizing their rights and responsibilities, capable of acting to achieve their rights and to demand the creation of new ones.…”

“…For the author, the perspective of the individual citizen is that of someone capable of recognizing their rights and responsibilities, capable of acting to achieve their rights and to demand the creation of new ones. Finally, a subject politically and socially engaged in the constant tension that is to achieve rights and keep them in the dynamics of unequal societies in opportunities and distribution of resources 27 . The ways to arrive at this subject are conditioned to the creation of strategies like facilitation of the means of access, investment in the empowerment of the individual to exercise citizenship, promotion of liberating education and reduction of social inequalities.…”

“…It should be stressed that access to education is crucial in this process, but the educational project must value, integrate and respect the values of the subjects in the construction of knowledge, so that they can get out of the situation of being excluded and vulnerable 27 . Enabling the access to, and the understanding of, the context of hospital care in which the patient is inserted is a way of providing the person with subsidies to exercise one's autonomy and to take control of one's health and existence.…”

Pontos positivos e negativos observados em uma experiência prática com pares educativos em prevenção de aids numa escola secundária em São Paulo, Brasil

“…No final do semestre foi avaliada a preferência dos alunos quanto à realização das oficinas de sexo seguro 25 , isto é, sobre quem deveria continuar a dar as mesmas no segundo semestre. A preferência foi dada aos pares educativos formados por alunos.…”