Romifidine or xylazine combined with ketamine in dogs premedicated with methotrimeprazine

Luna, Stélio Pacca Loureiro; Nogueira, Constanza Sevá; Cruz, Mariângela Lozano; Massone, Flávio; Castro, Gladys Bastos de

doi:10.1590/s1413-95962000000200001

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…An important effect of xylazine is the decrease in CF due to a sympathetic depression caused by the adrenergic a-2 receptors with a superposition of this effect on the tachycardics effect of ketamine. This is in agreement with the results found by Luna et al 12 and Santos et al 6 who obtained lower values for CF, by using intramuscular xylazine, when compared to dissociative drugs and benzodiazepinics. There was an initial reduction of SAP immediately after administration of the preanesthetic medication, methotrimeprazine, utilized in all groups that might be caused by this fenothiazine adrenolytic function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Taking into consideration the low respiratory depression brought about by dissociative drugs, it is suggested that the decrease in SatO 2 , in dogs treated with different dissociative anesthesia protocols, was caused by adjuvant drugs of the combination, specially xylazine, as long as when midazolam dose was increased, no variations occurred 13,15 . In G1 and G2 there was no difference as for EtCO 2 , with values below 36 mm Hg .The group treated with xylazine showed values higher than the above mentioned ones, and this event could be explained as related to alterations caused by xylazine which result in a decrease of M v and reduction of Sat02, as reported by Luna et al 12 and Santos (2003) 11 who utilized xylazine and ketamine by intramuscular via. A EtCO 2 slightly higher was observed in G2 when compared to G1, probably influenced by the reduction effects on Mv, due to midazolam higher dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…These effects were explained by the xylazine action bringing about a slight bradycardia and an atrioventricular blockage, which are classified as degrees first, second and third, even with lower dosis. The fenothiazinics have been proposed as antiarrhythmgenics 12,18,19 . However, this effect was not totally efficient, as long as two animals showed atrioventricular blockage when xylazine, midazolam and ketamine were continuously and intravenously used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric evaluation of methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine and methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine-xylazine combination in dogs

Santos

Hatschbach

Júnior³

et al. 2006

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Purpose:To evaluate the parameters of dogs anesthetized by different dissociative drugs protocols through continuous intravenous infusion. Methods: Thirty healthy dogs of both sexes were assigned randomly to three groups (G1, G2, and G3). G1 was administered with methotrimeprazine as a pre-anesthetic medication, intravenously midazolam-ketamine as bolus for induction and midazolam-ketamine by continuous intravenous infusion for a 60 minute-period of maintenance. G2: the same as for G1. plus an increase in the midazolam dose during maintenance. G3: the same treatment as for G2, plus the addition of xylazine during maintenance. Immediately after induction the anesthetic maintenance started, and measures were taken 15 minutes after pre-medication, at 10 minutes intervals, during maintenance (M0 to M7). Results: Bradycardia, atrioventricular blockage, bradypnea and hypoxemia were shown in G3. G1 and G2 showed a slight hypotension only. Conclusion: There were some advantages by using the continuous intravenous via: no parameters oscillation and reduction in the anesthetic recovery period. The increase in midazolam dose brought about little parametric variations which were greater when xylazine was used, with a consequent hypoxemia, bradyarrhytmia, and decrease in respiratory frequency and minute volume. Key words: Anesthesia. Methotrimeprazine. Midazolam. Xylazine. Dogs. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar os parâmetros de cães anestesiados com diferentes protocolos de fármacos dissociativos por infusão intravenosa contínua. Métodos: Foram utilizados 30 cães, machos e fêmeas, clinicamente sadios, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos (G1,G2 e G3) (*)). Em G1 utilizou-se levomepromazina como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA), midazolamcetamina pela via intravenosa em bolus para indução e midazolam-cetamina em infusão intravenosa contínua por 60 minutos para manutenção. Em G2 procedeu-se da mesma forma que em G1 elevando-se, porém, a dose de midazolam durante a manutenção. Em G3 repetiu-se o tratamento empregado em G2, acrescentando-se a xilazina à manutenção. Após a indução, iniciou-se imediatamente a manutenção anestésica, realizando-se aferições, 15 minutos depois da MPA, em intervalos de 10 minutos, durante a manutenção (M0 a M7). Resultados: Em G3 ocorreu bradicardia, bloqueio átrio-ventricular, bradipnéia e hipoxemia e em G1 e G2, discreta hipotensão. Conclusão: A via intravenosa contínua apresentou vantagens quanto a: não oscilação dos parâmetros e redução no período de recuperação anestésica. A elevação da dose de midazolam resultou em discretas variações paramétricas, estas, acentuadas pelo uso da xilazina, que causou hipoxemia, bradiarritmia, diminuição da freqüência respiratória e volume minuto.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parametric evaluation of methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine and methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine-xylazine combination in dogs

Santos

Hatschbach

Júnior³

et al. 2006

Acta Cir. Bras.

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“…6 The xylazine-ketamine association is one of the most widely used anesthetic techniques in veterinary practice. 7,8 Although, xylazine counter-balances the undesirable effects of ketamine, its use can cause cardiovascular abnormalities arising from a decrease in sympathetic tonus. 9,10 A microscopic study of the heart of rabbits anesthetized with xylazine-ketamine showed cellular degeneration and fibrosis, which are commonly observed after tissue hipoperfusion resulting from the coronary constriction that occurs immediately after xylazine administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of serum enzymatic markers of cardiomyocytes injury in female dogs submitted to ketamine S(+), atropin and xylazine association

Franco¹,

Fíoravantí²,

Damasceno³

et al. 2009

Acta Cir. Bras.

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Purpose: To assessment of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase isoenzyme fraction MB (CK-MB) serum activity in female dogs anesthetized with ketamine S (+), atropine and xylazine in several associations. Methods: Twenty three healthy female dogs randomly distributed in four groups named as GI (n=6), GII (n=6), GIII (n=6) and GIV (n=5) were treated respectively with atropine and ketamine S(+) (0.04mg/kg; 10 mg/kg); ketamine S(+) (10 mg/kg); atropine, xylazine and ketamine S(+) (0.04mg/kg; 1.1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg) and xylazine and ketamine S(+) (1.1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg). AST, CK and CK-MB serum activity measurement before pre-medication (M0) and one, two, three, six, 12, 24, 36 hours after. Results: There was no significant change in AST, CK e CK-MB serum activity among groups. However, CK serum activity in relation to moments within the groups was increased in all groups over the time in spite of treatment, except GI.In relation to CK-MB activity, in the moments within the group, it was observed an increase compared to baseline in all groups. Conclusion: Creatine kinase and creatine kinase fraction MB isoenzyme showed changes in their mean values remained higher than baseline for a longer time in GIII and GIV. Key words: Isoenzymes. Atropine. Xylazine. Heart. Ischemia. Anesthetics, Dissociative. Dogs. RESUMOObjetivo: Determinar a atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB em cadelas anestesiadas com cetamina S (+), atropina e xilazina em diferentes associações. Métodos: Vinte e três cadelas saudáveis foram distribuídas ao acaso em quarto grupos denominados GI (n=6), GII (n=6), GIII (n=6) e GIV (n=5) tratados respectivamente com atropina e cetamina S (+) (0,04mg/kg; 10 mg/kg); cetamina S (+) (10 mg/kg); atropina, xilazina e cetamina S (+) (0,04mg/kg; 1,1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg) exilazina e cetamina S (+) (1,1 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg). A atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB foi determinada antes da pré-medicação (M0) e uma, duas, três seis, 12, 24 e 36 horas após M0. Resultados: Não foram encontradas mudanças significativas na atividade sérica de AST, CK e CK-MB entre grupos. Entretanto, entre momentos houve aumento da atividade sérica de CK para todos os grupos, exceto em GI.Com relação a atividade sérica de CK-MB, observou-se ao longo dos momentos aumento significativo com relação aos valores basais em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: Alterações significativas foram observadas com relação à atividade sérica de CK e CK-MB em todos os tratamentos, mantendo-se elevada por um período maior nos grupos GIII e GIV.

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“…This is a controversial effect for a-2 agonists lead to peripheral vasodilatation and heat production reduction. Different dissociative anesthesia protocols used by some authors 10,11 showed a greater decrease in RT as related to methotrimeprazine effects when used in the combination, as cited before 12 . Both groups showed a decrease in respiratory frequency (f) but still within the physiological limits (10-40 breaths/min) 9 , also observed in dogs treated with atropine/romifidine/ketamine 13. No relevant alterations occurred 14, 15, and 16 in f when the treatment was with a combination of medetomidine to other drugs dogs treated with medetomidine/butopharnol/midazolam showed bradypnea which could be associated to the butopharnol administration 19 and in dogs treated with medetomidine/ butopharnol/ketamine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

et al. 2007

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PURPOSE: To compare, by continuous infusion of ketamine or medetomidine combined to methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine, ketamine and midazolam, the degree of hypnosis, myorelaxation, anesthetic quality and surgical feasibility through evaluation of possible parametric alterations and recovery quality. METHODS: 20 healthy adult females dogs, aged 3 to 5 years, body weight between 7 and 15 kg, were assigned randomly and homogenously to 2 groups of 10 animals each (n=10), group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2), respectively. Animals of G1 were subjected to a pre-treatment with intravenous 1.0 mg/kg methotrimeprazine and or 3ì/kg. After 15 minutes, a 5.0 mg/kg ketamine and 0.2 mg/kg midazolam were intravenously injected. Immediately after induction, an anesthetic combination of 0.4 mg/kg/h midazolam, 20 mg/kg/h ketamine and 1.0 mg/kg/h xylazine, was continuously and intravenously administered for 30 minutes. The same techniques were used in G2 except for the substitution of xylazine for 30ìg/kg/h medetomidine. RESULTS: In G1 there was a 1st and 2nd degree atrioventricular heart block, a longer recovery period and lower quality. In G2 a 1st degree atrioventricular heart block occurred but isolated and ephemeral. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous infusion method, besides reducing drugs utilization, prevented collateral effects allowing a more tranquil recovery with no excitations, both protocols permitted the surgical procedure (ovary-hysterectomy) bringing about a reduction in hypnosis and an accentuated myorelaxation. Xylazine and medetomidine showed a similar pharmacodynamic behavior but with different clinical aspects. The electrocardiographic alterations observed in G2 and in a lower degree in G1 must be well studied. Describers: dogs, ketamine, methotrimeprazine, medetomidine, midazolam and xylazine.

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Romifidine or xylazine combined with ketamine in dogs premedicated with methotrimeprazine

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Parametric evaluation of methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine and methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine-xylazine combination in dogs

Parametric evaluation of methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine and methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine-xylazine combination in dogs

Assessment of serum enzymatic markers of cardiomyocytes injury in female dogs submitted to ketamine S(+), atropin and xylazine association

Continuous infusion in adult females dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy with midazolam-xylazine and/or medetomidine pre-treated with methotrimeprazine and buprenorphine

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