Role of laboratory in rapid diagnosis of atypical mumps

Abstract

Fairly large number of mumps virus infections present atypically without parotitis leading to delay in diagnosis and increased morbidity. Awareness of such presentations and inclusion of serological test for detecting IgM-specific antibodies could help in solving diagnostic dilemma, especially in unvaccinated individuals from developing countries.

Mumps disease outbreak in Davangere district of Karnataka, India

“…There are few literatures available in PubMed related to mumps virus circulation in India. [11][12][13][14] However, detailed investigations on sporadic cases or outbreak (s) of mumps are necessary to understand the circulation of wild type viruses in the context of the global epidemiology of mumps. [15,16] This study describes diagnostic tests performed for lab confirmation of mumps cases from a village-Chikkahallivana of Karnataka state, India.…”

Circulation of Two Mumps Virus Genotypes in an Unimmunized Population in India

“…A few mumps outbreaks have been reported from the States of Kerala and Maharashtra [Geeta and Kumar, ; John, ; Ghatage and Kakade, ]. Another study from the State of Karnataka reported the usefulness of laboratory diagnosis in understanding the “atypical mumps patient” in hospital settings [Vandana et al, ]. However, detailed investigations on sporadic cases or outbreak(s) of mumps are necessary to understand the circulation of wild type viruses in the context of the global epidemiology of mumps.…”

Outbreaks of mumps: an observational study over two decades in a single hospital in Korea

“…Considering many enigmas in mumps as followed; each virus in various viral diseases has their own host tissue cells having receptors for virus entry and replication with variable incubation period, but the receptors on host cells in mumps are not clearly defined1); mumps viruses have no cytopathic-effect on some kind of human cell lines in vitro 28) ; clinical course of mumps is self-limited with variable phenotypes including mumps meningtits without parotitis 29) ; viruses or polymerase chain reaction products are detected on upper respiratory tract (around the parotid glands) only at the beginning of the illness and only a part of the patients 30 , 31) ; specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) against mumps viruses are not detected in the incubation period and the early stage of primary infection; and other viruses including Epstein-Barr virus and influenza viruses can induce parotitis 32) , the immunopathogenesis of mumps may not the virus-induced cytopathy, but hypothetically the immunological reaction of host immune cells against the substances that have affinity to the host target cells (parotid gland cells, testicle cells, central nervous system cells, and other tissue cells), as well as the majority of other viral and bacterial infections including influenza and mycoplasma infections 25 , 26 , 27) .…”