2006
DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702006000600005
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Nosocomial diarrhea in the intensive care unit

Abstract: We made an epidemiological case-control study to examine risk factors for the development of diarrhea in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital in Santo André, SP, from January to October 2002. Forty-nine patients with diarrhea (cases) and 49 patients without diarrhea (controls), matched for age and gender, were included in the study. A stool culture and enzyme immunoassays for Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were performed on fecal specimens from diarrhea patients.

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Cited by 35 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Many researchers have pointed out that incidences of CDAD among the elderly (over 65 years of age) are up to ten times higher than among younger adults and that attributable mortality increases with age in this population, especially in an ICU setting (Graf et al, 2009;Gravel et al, 2009;Marcon et al, 2006). This is generally thought to reflect a failure in the immune system, known as senescence of the immune response, resulting from comorbidities and normal agerelated changes.…”
Section: Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Many researchers have pointed out that incidences of CDAD among the elderly (over 65 years of age) are up to ten times higher than among younger adults and that attributable mortality increases with age in this population, especially in an ICU setting (Graf et al, 2009;Gravel et al, 2009;Marcon et al, 2006). This is generally thought to reflect a failure in the immune system, known as senescence of the immune response, resulting from comorbidities and normal agerelated changes.…”
Section: Contextmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the strains tested, no resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin but resistance to clindamycin was observed and the MIC values were higher among community-acquired strains, showing that the selective pressure provided by this drug is important not only in the hospital environment. Marcon et al (2006) conducted an epidemiological casecontrol study to identify the main risk factors associated with the development of nosocomial diarrhoea in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital. Samples collected during January-October 2002 from 49 patients with diarrhoea and 49 patients without diarrhoea, who were matched for age and sex, were included in the study.…”
Section: Brazilmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Además, un alto porcentaje (73 %) de los pacientes había recibido antibióticos antes de la aparición de la diarrea. En una población de pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, Marcon, et al (27), encontraron una asociación entre el uso de antibióticos (principalmente ceftriaxona) y la aparición de la diarrea (OR=13; IC 95% 1,95-552,38). Sin embargo, al igual que en este trabajo, algunos autores (9,12) no han hallado asociación entre el uso de antibióticos y el desarrollo de enfermedad asociada con C. difficile, lo cual probablemente se relacione con la definición de caso (paciente con diarrea) y la marcada asociación entre el uso de antibióticos y la diarrea de diversos orígenes adquirida en el hospital.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Em adição, a média de idade dos pacientes com diarréia (67,2) foi maior do que naqueles sem (62,3). Em conjunto, estes achados reforçam a percepção geral de que os pacientes mais gravemente enfermos e aqueles com idade mais avançada são os mais predispostos à diarréia na UTI (11,20,22,29,30,31,32,40) . Alguns estudos demonstraram que a inibição da secreção ácida gástrica esteve associada com aumento do risco de diarréia entre os pacientes hospitalizados recebendo antibioticoterapia, especialmente aquela relacionada com o Clostridium difficile (6,14) .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Assim, pode-se predizer que um dia a mais de antibioticoterapia eleva em 16% o risco de ocorrência de diarréia, enquanto a inclusão adicional de um antibiótico a determinado esquema antimicrobiano aumenta este risco em 65%. Outros autores também observaram importante correlação entre antibioticoterapia (incluindo número de antibióticos prescritos) e incidência de diarréia nosocomial (4,11,12,13,18,22,27,29,30,32,33,38,40) . Cerca de 5% a 25% dos pacientes em uso de antibióticos podem desenvolver diarréia, dependendo da população estudada e dos antibióticos utilizados (5) .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified