Para além das grades e punições: uma revisão sistemática sobre a saúde penitenciária

Abstract

Para além das grades e punições: uma revisão sistemática sobre a saúde penitenciária Beyond bars and punishments: a systematic review of prison healthResumo Procedeu-se a uma revisão sistemática acerca das produções científicas sobre Saúde Penitenciária, objetivando verificar como a temá-tica vem sendo abordada, identificar qual o foco mais explorado e apontar possíveis lacunas. A busca foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foram localizados 1160 artigos: 1104 na Medline; 19 na Lilacs e 37 na SciELO, publicados no perí-odo de 1993 a 2010. Como as bases de dados da Medline e da Lilacs não disponibilizam os artigos na integra, foram mapeados os locais, as datas e o idioma de publicação dos textos. O aprofundamento analítico delimitou-se aos trabalhos cujos textos estavam na íntegra e disponibilizados gratuitamente, hospedados na SciELO. Evidenciouse que a produção científica está presente nos cinco continentes do mundo, apresentando predominância da abordagem quantitativa, com foco na identificação do perfil sociodemográfico e das condições de saúde dos encarcerados: incidência de tuberculose, de infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana e pelo Vírus da Hepatite C. Há uma predominância de estudos realizados com detentos do sexo masculino, em comparação ao sexo feminino. Percebe-se que a saúde dos detentos é um problema de saúde pública emergente, que demanda pesquisas que possam vir a orientar políticas e estratégias de saúde. Palavras-chave Assistência à saúde, Atenção primária à saúde, Prisões, Prisioneiros Abstract A systematic review of scientific production on Prison Health was conducted, seeking to verify how the subject matter has been dealt with, establishing which is the most exploited focus and identifying possible gaps. The search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library. 1160 articles were located: 1104 on MEDLINE, 19 on LILACS and 37 on SciELO, published from 1993 to 2010. As MEDLINE and LILACS do not show the entire articles, the places, dates and languages of the texts were charted. In-depth analysis was restricted to works which were shown in their entirety and free of charge hosted on SciELO. It revealed that scientific production is present all over the world with a predominantly quantitative approach. It focuses on identifying the socio-demographic profile and health conditions of prisoners, the incidence of tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis C virus infections. There is a predominance of studies carried out with male prisoners, in comparison with the female sex. It is clear that prisoner health is a public health problem on the rise, which demands research that can orient health policies and strategies.

Oral health, the perspective of the inmate and the context of vulnerability

“…For the interviewees, imprisonment would have given them the opportunity for access to dental service. The National Health Plan in the Penitentiary System 3 , cited above, considers that persons marginalized due to incarceration need a specific health policy, in order to regulate access to actions and services aimed at reducing the injuries and damage caused by the conditions of confinement 21 . There is also the principle that prisoners should not leave prison in worse condition than when they entered 22 The habits of hygiene and the presence of caries may vary considerably among prison populations from different countries, and even within one country 17 .…”

The physical health of women deprived of their freedom in a prison in the state of Rio de Janeiro

“…Given the poor condition of the Brazilian prison system, there are factors which may provoke numerous health problems for female prisoners, who even while at liberty had lifestyles which were unhealthy, which contributes to their becoming ill within this system. [4][5][6][7] It can be inferred, therefore, that confinement is a hostile, unhealthy atmosphere, and that the increase in the prison population also means there is a high risk for the establishing of both transmissible diseases -such as tuberculosis, hanseniasis, syphilis and HIV -and of other, noncommunicable, diseases, such as diseases of the respiratory tract caused by the increase in tobacco use; as well as problems with diabetes and hypertension, which are prevalent in the adult-older adult population. [4][5][6][7][8] As if that were not enough, violence is also part of the daily life of women deprived of liberty, almost irreversibly compromising the physical health of this specific group.…”

Living with tuberculosis in prison: the challenge to achieve cure

“…17 In Brazil, although there is a high rate of people with this disease in prisons, little is described in the health literature about the issue, given the paucity of studies, especially in nursing. 18 Thus, our concerns have led us to the development of this research, which had as its object of study the daily life of persons with tuberculosis deprived of freedom and whose objective was to understand the meanings of living with this disease and its treatment in prisons. It is believed that the results may help to broaden the understanding of health professionals concerning questions about the health-disease-care process of this population, as well as support discussions for formulating public policies to enhance disease control in prisons.…”