La enseñanza-aprendizaje de la investigación cualitativa en el medio sanitario

Abstract

La IC constituye una perspectiva de conocimiento necesaria en el medio sanitario. El trabajo asistencial se lleva a cabo siempre en contextos complejos y su mejora requiere de metodologías de investigación que asuman dicha complejidad. Sin embargo, el conocimiento y la puesta en práctica de la investigación cualitativa (IC) en los servicios de salud continúan siendo muy limitados. Entre los diversos factores que condicionan su desarrollo, la enseñanza-aprendizaje (E-A) de la IC resulta fundamental, y no sólo a nivel de pre-grado. Los profesionales y el medio sanitario presentan determinadas particularidades que han de ser tenidas en cuenta en el diseño y desarrollo de la E-A orientada a dicho campo. A partir de una experiencia formativa on-line durante ocho años para profesionales de Atención Primaria, se discuten los principales retos identificados al respecto.

The perceptions of medical researchers on qualitative methodologies

“…In agreement with what had been said, Calderón 38 says that health care work has a complexity for which there is a need for a qualitative approach, because the following issues are often touched on such as: values, beliefs, points of views, attitudes and behaviors concerning health and diseases. But there needs to a working partnership between the social sciences, the humanities and medicine.…”

“…Upon considering the need to use qualitative methods in health care to tackle medical problems, what was brought to our attention was the teaching and learning methods of Calderón 38 , a family doctor from the Center of Primary Care in San Sebastián, Spain. In agreement with what had been said, Calderón 38 says that health care work has a complexity for which there is a need for a qualitative approach, because the following issues are often touched on such as: values, beliefs, points of views, attitudes and behaviors concerning health and diseases.…”

Ensino-Aprendizagem da Metodologia de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Medicina

“…O autor mostra como esses princípios incentivam os alunos a ouvir com atenção seus interlocutores e, consequentemente, melhoram sua prática de investigação, em especial na elaboração de perguntas e na realização de entrevistas. Reflexões a respeito da necessidade de utilizar o método qualitativo em saúde para abordar os problemas que se apresentam na prática médica deram origem a uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem desenvolvida por Calderón 24 , médico de família de um Centro de Atenção Primária de San Sebastian, na Espanha. Calderón destaca que o trabalho assistencial tem uma complexidade para a qual é necessário um olhar qualitativo quando se pretende responder a questões que incluem valores, crenças, representações, atitudes e comportamentos sobre a saúde e a doença.…”

Health professionals learning qualitative research in their workplace: a focused ethnography

“…A study performed by Calderón describes an online teaching program for primary HPs, highlighting specific aspects that should be considered in the design and development of QRM training within health services [12]. Featherstone and colleagues [13] as well as Hepworth and colleagues [14], reporting on their experience with primary care and general practitioners respectively, provide information on which areas of QRM HPs consider most feasible (i.e., coding) or more challenging (i.e., QRM philosophy and theoretical underpinnings) [12,14]. Authors highlight the career paths, time constraints, and professional background that influence the way HPs approach QRM training [12].…”

“…Featherstone and colleagues [13] as well as Hepworth and colleagues [14], reporting on their experience with primary care and general practitioners respectively, provide information on which areas of QRM HPs consider most feasible (i.e., coding) or more challenging (i.e., QRM philosophy and theoretical underpinnings) [12,14]. Authors highlight the career paths, time constraints, and professional background that influence the way HPs approach QRM training [12]. These studies addressed concise QRM training programs and did not explore the experience nor the benefits perceived by HPs in employing QRM within their research activities.…”