Avaliação de risco dos organismos geneticamente modificados

Costa, Thadeu Estevam Moreira Maramaldo; Dias, Aline Peçanha Muzy; Scheidegger, Erica Miranda Damásio; Marin, Victor Augustus

doi:10.1590/s1413-81232011000100035

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Alguns componentes presentes em alimentos específicos podem se apresentar com efeitos biológicos potencialmente benéficos, como as isoflavonas da soja. Há a necessidade da verificação da ocorrência de quaisquer antinutrientes conhecidos, naturalmente presentes no alimento, para ter certeza de que os níveis dos mesmos não tenham aumentado significativamente como resultado da modificação genética em relação aos níveis encontrados em variedades convencionais (COSTA et al, 2011). Dessa forma, é necessário estimular a ampliação da atividade dos órgãos governamentais para avaliar os OGMs, a fim de responder essa demanda da população, com políticas de regulamentação para o uso destes alimentos assim como um rigoroso programa de controle sanitário objetivando torná-los confiáveis à população.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Biotecnologia E Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados: Uma Revisão

et al. 2018

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A biotecnologia é uma associação de conhecimento científico e tecnológico que usa parte dele para produzir bens e serviços para a humanidade e ambiente, bem como a criação de seres vivos a partir de práticas laboratoriais, abordando um avanço progressivo graças à pesquisa que estuda o DNA, empregando tecnologias como a engenharia genética, aplicado ao Projeto Genoma Humano, Transgênicos, plantas e animais, entre outros. A biotecnologia é hoje necessariamente uma ferramenta a mais à disposição do pesquisador, que permite a aquisição de plantas geneticamente modificadas de maneira mais previsível. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresentou como objetivo realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a relação da biotecnologia e agricultura para obtenção de alimentos geneticamente modificados. Para tal objetivo foi realizada uma revisão descritiva da literatura científica, abordando temas referentes a Biotecnologia, Agricultura e Organismos Geneticamente Modificados. A ciência aplicada à agricultura tem conseguido não somente aumentar a produtividade dos alimentos, mas reduzir, ou mesmo eliminar, danos ao meio ambiente. Técnicas agrícolas modernas estão aumentando a produtividade e, ao mesmo tempo, melhorando a fertilidade do solo e protegendo o meio ambiente, ar, água e terra. Os OGM são aqueles organismos, no caso as plantas, que têm seu material genético modificado pela introdução de um ou mais genes através da técnica de biologia molecular. Assim, genes oriundos de diferentes vegetais, animais ou microrganismos podem ser introduzidos em um genoma vegetal receptor, conferindo às plantas, novas características para a otimização da produção de alimentos, fármacos e outros produtos industriais.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Biotecnologia E Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados: Uma Revisão

et al. 2018

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“…In this case potential losses that may occur with the use of genetically modified organisms when compared to those resulting from technologies commonly used in agriculture are considered risks [32,33] . The major problem in risk analysis is to make it impossible to predict the effects in its totality [34] . Most of the uncertainties are due to the fact that studies involving transgenesis compare this technology with conventional plantations, rather than with agroecological-based management that is more environmentally friendly [10] .…”

Section: First Question: Feeding Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the uncertainties are due to the fact that studies involving transgenesis compare this technology with conventional plantations, rather than with agroecological-based management that is more environmentally friendly [10] . Safety is evaluated through four stages: Characterization of the culture of the country, characterization of the process of genetic modification, transferred genes and organism of origin of the recombinant DNA [34] .…”

Section: First Question: Feeding Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do transgenic food fulfill the obligations of respecting food security and nutritional concept in a developing country?

Fiore

Matias

Bee

et al. 2018

Segur. Aliment. Nutr.

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This study seeks to identify if this developing country fulfills the obligations of respecting the Food and Nutritional Security when producing and commercializing transgenic foods. A bibliographic research was carried. The objective was to respond to the fulfillment of Food and Nutrition Security and the use of transgenics, based on the concept of Food and Nutritional Security, its interface with the Human Right to Adequate Food and the food and nutritional dimensions of the theme. Regarding the environment, the technology of transgenics, when used in a massive way for protection against insects and weeds, is not always safe. The use of certain herbicides, linked to production control, can also be deleterious. Epidemiological studies on the nutritional advantages are insufficient and the possibility of allergenicity exists, if the protocols for seed release are not considered. Lack of enforcement in these protocols and in labeling threaten Food Safety, since the population is vulnerable to the consumption of foods whose origin are not well known. Even with the transgenic food, a bigger amount of food is not available for everybody. The importance of food and nutritional education is emphasized in this study. Since the concept of Food and Nutritional Security is indivisible, we come to the conclusion that Food and Nutritional Security in a developing country is not fulfilled.

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“…The main aspects to be considered in the risk assessment of GMOs are the possible effects on other organisms upon their release to the environment and a possible transfer and expression of the new gene inserted, or transgene, in other species (Kuhnert et al, 1995). Thus, it is essential that the biotechnology industries develop methods for the detection of GMOs in their multiple production process steps in order to prevent release of GMOs to the environment (Miralles et al, 2009;Costa et al, 2011). The industrial effluent treatment station (IETS) is used to reduce the impacts of the release of toxic chemicals to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic markers for detection of Escherichia coli K-12 harboring ampicillin-resistance plasmid from an industrial wastewater treatment effluent pond

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. Biotechnology industries that use recombinant DNA technology are potential sources for release of genetically modified organisms to the environment. Antibiotic-resistance marker genes are commonly used for recombinant bacteria selection. One example is the marker gene coding for β-lactamase (bla) in plasmids found in Escherichia coli K-12. The aim of this study was to provide an approach to develop a molecular method for genetic marker detection in E. coli K-12 harboring bla genes from an industrial wastewater treatment effluent pond (IWTEP). For the detection of bla and Achromobacter lyticus protease I (api) genes in samples from IWTEP, we employed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using E. coli K-12 genetic marker detection primers, previously described in the literature, and primers designed in our laboratory. The microbiological screening method resulted in 22 bacterial colony-forming units isolated from three different IWTEP harvesting points. The multiplex PCR amplicons showed that five isolates were positive for the bla gene marker and negative for the E. coli K-12 and api genes. The 16S rRNA regions of positive microorganisms carrying the bla gene were genotyped by the MicroSeq ® 500 system. The bacteria found were Escherichia spp (3/5), Chromobacterium spp (1/5), and Aeromonas spp (1/5). None of the 22 isolated microorganisms presented the molecular pattern of E. coli K-12 harboring the bla gene. The presence of microorganisms positive for the bla gene and negative for E. coli K-12 harboring bla genes at IWTEP suggests that the ampicillin resistance found in the isolated bacteria could be from microorganisms other than the E. coli K-12 strain harboring plasmid.

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Avaliação de risco dos organismos geneticamente modificados

Abstract: Avaliação de risco dos organismos geneticamente modificados

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Biotecnologia E Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados: Uma Revisão

Biotecnologia E Alimentos Geneticamente Modificados: Uma Revisão

Do transgenic food fulfill the obligations of respecting food security and nutritional concept in a developing country?

Genetic markers for detection of Escherichia coli K-12 harboring ampicillin-resistance plasmid from an industrial wastewater treatment effluent pond

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