Trafficking in persons: a health concern?

Zimmerman, Cathy; Kiss, Lígia; Houssain, Mazeda; Watts, Charlotte

doi:10.1590/s1413-81232009000400010

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Scholars and experts have argued that “exploitation” is at the core of the definition of human trafficking or forced labor and that “coercion” is a key feature [4, 11, 14–16]. Psychological coercion (threats or deception) and violence (physical, sexual, or both) are interconnected and can be sources of traumatic and chronic stressors [3, 4, 17]. Indeed, trafficked individuals report similar experiences of violence, coercion and corresponding psychological consequences as prisoners of war, torture survivors, survivors of concentration camps, cult members, and victims of domestic violence [3, 4, 18–24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundHuman trafficking is a pervasive global crime with important public health implications that entail fundamental human rights violations in the form of severe exploitation, violence and coercion. Sex-specific associations between types of violence or coercion and mental illness in survivors of trafficking have not been established.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking (adults, adolescents and children) who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam and had been exploited in various labor sectors. We assessed anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), and used validated questions from the World Health Organization International Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence to measure physical and sexual violence. Sex-specific modified Poisson regression models were estimated to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between violence (sexual, physical or both), coercion, and mental health conditions (anxiety, depression and PTSD).ResultsAdjusted models indicated that for females, experiencing both physical and sexual violence, compared to not being exposed to violence, was a strong predictor of symptoms of anxiety (PR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.64–2.64), PTSD (PR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.37–1.74), and depression (PR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.33–1.85). Among males, experiencing physical violence with additional threats made with weapons, compared to not being exposed to violence, was associated with PTSD (PR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.05–2.42) after adjustment. Coercion during the trafficking experience was strongly associated with anxiety, depression, and PTSD in both females and males. For females in particular, exposure to both personal and family threats was associated with a 96% elevated prevalence of PTSD (PR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.32–2.91) and more than doubling of the prevalence of anxiety (PR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.57–2.83).ConclusionsThe experiences of violence and coercion in female and male trafficking survivors differed and were associated with an elevated prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD in both females and males. Mental health services must be an integral part of service provision, recovery and re-integration for trafficked females and males.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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“…A systematic review on forced labor and health found that victims experienced multiple forms of abuse, numerous occupational hazards specific to the sector, and dangerous or unsanitary living conditions [8]. Open Journal of Safety Science and Technology Physically demanding forced labor with long working hours results in high incidence of physical injury [9]. Individuals who are bonded or forced to work in brick kilns may be exposed to various hazards including dust, heat, excessive weight, repetitive movements, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brick Kilns of Nepal: A Non-Governmental Organization Perspective

Shrestha¹,

Thygerson²

2019

OJSST

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Better Brick Nepal (BBN) works under the larger NGO, Global Fairness Initiatives, to promote the reliably sourced brick manufacturing by eliminating forced, bonded labor, and child labor, promoting workplace safety and health, providing fair wages, and preventing workplace harassment. The brick industry is regarded as the second largest source for air pollution after vehicle emissions in Kathmandu Valley. The brick kiln workers who live on the kiln premises in huts are highly exposed to both indoor and outdoor air pollution. This study reviewed the practices of BBN kilns that adhere to recommended standards for worker rights, health and safety. An NGO such as BBN is proving successful at eliminating inhumane work practices and in improving brick kiln worker health and safety.

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“…According to a study trafficked women in brothel lives in a very hazardous environment, may not be the reason of lower hygienic condition, but may be due to clandestine condition, exploitation, the violence they face and lack of access to health care (Zimmerman, Kiss, Houssain, & Walts, 2009). The living condition of prostitutes was very unhygienic; they were living in a small tiny room for which they have to pay nearby Rs.…”

Section: Condition Of Women and Girls In Brothelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trafficking of Women and Girls for Commercial Sexual Exploitation: An Analysis on Impact of Violence in Kolkata’s Brothel

Kumar¹

2018

IJTSRD

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Trafficking in persons: a health concern?

Abstract: Trafficking in persons: a health concern?Tráfico de pessoas: uma preocupação da Saúde?

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

Mental health, violence and psychological coercion among female and male trafficking survivors in the greater Mekong sub-region: a cross-sectional study

Brick Kilns of Nepal: A Non-Governmental Organization Perspective

Trafficking of Women and Girls for Commercial Sexual Exploitation: An Analysis on Impact of Violence in Kolkata’s Brothel

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