Reviewing the environmental and human health knowledge base of carbon nanotubes

Helland, Aasgeir; Wick, Peter; Koehler, Andreas; Schmid, Kaspar; Som, Claudia

doi:10.1590/s1413-81232008000200019

Cited by 140 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…4,7 However, no studies have focused on the influence of atmospherically relevant aging on the toxicity of CNTs. Bottini et al 65 found that MWCNTs oxidized by concentrated HNO 3 exhibited a stronger cytotoxic effect to human T lymphocytes than fresh MWCNTs.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the carcinogenicity of CNTs is presently unclear, it is well-recognized that CNTs are redox active; are capable of causing oxidative stress; and result in inflammation, epitheloid granulomas, fibrosis, and biochemical changes in lungs. 4,7 A negative effect associated with CNTs on the survival of invertebrates 2 and human epithelial cells 9,12 has also been observed due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2,9 In addition, the toxicity of nanoparticles has been found to be dependent upon specific physiochemical factors.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical and Toxicological Evolution of Carbon Nanotubes During Atmospherically Relevant Aging Processes

Liggio

Breznan

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has received significant attention due to their usage in a wide range of commercial applications. While numerous studies exist on their impacts in water and soil ecosystems, there is a lack of information on the exposure to CNTs from the atmosphere. The transformation of CNTs in the atmosphere, resulting in their functionalization, may significantly alter their toxicity. In the current study, the chemical modification of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via ozone and OH radical oxidation is investigated through studies that simulate a range of expected tropospheric particulate matter (PM) lifetimes, in order to link their chemical evolution to toxicological changes. The results indicate that the oxidation favors carboxylic acid functionalization, but significantly less than other studies performed under nonatmospheric conditions. Despite evidence of functionalization, neither O 3 nor OH radical oxidation resulted in a change in redox activity (potentially giving rise to oxidative stress) or in cytotoxic end points. Conversely, both the redox activity and cytotoxicity of SWCNTs significantly decreased when exposed to ambient urban air, likely due to the adsorption of organic carbon vapors. These results suggest that the effect of gas−particle partitioning of organics in the atmosphere on the toxicity of SWCNTs should be investigated further.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Toxicological Evolution of Carbon Nanotubes During Atmospherically Relevant Aging Processes

Liggio

Breznan

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In summary, as most existing studies have focused on acute or long-term effects of a single high dose of MWCNTs and have not considered the consequences of a repeated continuous exposure, a comparison with our in vitro results is limited. The outcome of those studies is that most CNTs elicited inflammation, oxidative stress or caused long-term pathological effects such as granulomas and fibrosis (Helland et al, 2007) but due to the different CNT material and suspension procedures used, statements on the biological impact of CNTs in this regard remains an obstacle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated exposure to carbon nanotube-based aerosols does not affect the functional properties of a 3D human epithelial airway model

et al. 2015

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-Rutishauser (2015) Repeated exposure to carbon nanotube-based aerosols does not affect the functional properties of a 3D human epithelial airway model, Nanotoxicology, 9:8, 983-993, DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014 2 ) were applied to the co-culture system, either over one day (one day repeated exposure) or three days (three day repeated exposure scenario). Although in both repeated exposure scenarios MWCNTs were found to interact with the different cell types, they did not induce any cytotoxicity or alterations in cell morphology, nor did they elucidate any significant increase in pro-inflammatory markers compared to control cultures. Similar results were also observed following single MWCNTs exposures at deposited concentrations of 0.14, 0.20 and 0.39 mg/cm 2 . Cells exposed repeatedly to MWCNTs for three days, however did show a decrease in reduced glutathione levels, although not significant (p40.05). In conclusion, we have presented a realistic in vitro alternative to mimic occupational exposure of MWCNTs and by applying this approach it was shown that repeated MWCNT exposures to lung cell cultures at the ALI elicit a limited biological impact over a three day period. KeywordsAir-liquid interface, alternative testing strategy, hazard assessment, in vitro lung system, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, repeated exposures History

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“…It is suspected that ENP are even too small for defense mechanisms of the body's immune system. Recently, the possibility of non-hindered nanoparticle transfer through the cell membrane directly into cells (Helland et al 2007;Kaiser et al 2008Kaiser et al , 2009Wick et al 2006) has been observed. Studies on the effect of different types of ENP on cell toxicity showed dependency on shape and chemical composition (Brunner et al 2006;Wick et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-fractionated characterization and quantification of nanoparticle release rates from a consumer spray product containing engineered nanoparticles

Lorenz²,

et al. 2009

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This study describes methods developed for reliable quantification of size-and element-specific release of engineered nanoparticles (ENP) from consumer spray products. A modified glove box setup was designed to allow controlled spray experiments in a particle-minimized environment. Time dependence of the particle size distribution in a size range of 10-500 nm and ENP release rates were studied using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). In parallel, the aerosol was transferred to a size-calibrated electrostatic TEM sampler. The deposited particles were investigated using electron microscopy techniques in combination with image processing software. This approach enables the chemical and morphological characterization as well as quantification of released nanoparticles from a spray product. The differentiation of solid ENP from the released nano-sized droplets was achieved by applying a thermo-desorbing unit. After optimization, the setup was applied to investigate different spray situations using both pump and gas propellant spray dispensers for a commercially available water-based nano-silver spray. The pump spray situation showed no measurable nanoparticle release, 123J Nanopart Res (2010) 12:2481-2494 DOI 10.1007 whereas in the case of the gas spray, a significant release was observed. From the results it can be assumed that the homogeneously distributed ENP from the original dispersion grow in size and change morphology during and after the spray process but still exist as nanometer particles of size \100 nm. Furthermore, it seems that the release of ENP correlates with the generated aerosol droplet size distribution produced by the spray vessel type used. This is the first study presenting results concerning the release of ENP from spray products.

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Reviewing the environmental and human health knowledge base of carbon nanotubes

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

Cited by 140 publications

References 55 publications

Chemical and Toxicological Evolution of Carbon Nanotubes During Atmospherically Relevant Aging Processes

Chemical and Toxicological Evolution of Carbon Nanotubes During Atmospherically Relevant Aging Processes

Repeated exposure to carbon nanotube-based aerosols does not affect the functional properties of a 3D human epithelial airway model

Size-fractionated characterization and quantification of nanoparticle release rates from a consumer spray product containing engineered nanoparticles

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