Acidentes de trabalho no Brasil entre 1994 e 2004: uma revisão

Abstract

Neste estudo sintetizam-se achados epidemiológicos sobre acidentes de trabalho fatais e não-fatais para populações brasileiras, entre 1994 e 2004, período pós II Conferência Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador. Os estudos foram identificados em pesquisa nas bases Scielo e Medline, limitando-se a trabalhos completos disponíveis. Verificou-se que embora o coeficiente de mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho seja elevado, entre 1990 e 2003 caiu 56,5%. Todavia, a letalidade aumentou (0,18% em 1970 para 1,07%) até 1999, quando passou a declinar (0,70% em 2003). A incidência cumulativa anual de acidentes de trabalho não-fatais também vem reduzindo, mas discretamente, em especial, para os menos graves. Não houve alteração para os acidentes incapacitantes. Pesquisas populacionais mostram que a incidência cumulativa anual varia entre 3% e 6%. Trabalhadores rurais têm o dobro do risco do que os de área urbana. A construção civil, indústria da celulose, serviços domésticos estão entre os grupos de maior risco para acidentes não-fatais. A subnotificação de óbitos se concentrou entre 70% e 90%. Indica-se a necessidade de uma redefinição das políticas de proteção ao trabalhador tomando como base o conhecimento produzido sobre este evitável problema de saúde.

Acidentes de trabalho: custos previdenciários e dias de trabalho perdidos

“…In a study based on this same database, it was found that 62% of accident benefits did not have CAT data. 12 This indicates that the burden of work-related accidents in relation to the total number of health-related benefits granted could be much higher than what is reported in the present study. Other important limitations on the analysis were the lack of information on age and gender, the missing data from CAT records on accident characteristics, and the lack of a beneficiary identification number, which limited the checking of possible repeated cases.…”

“…Even when eligible, the majority of workers involved in accidents do not receive or seek benefits from the INSS. Several studies from different regions of Brazil have shown that the underreporting of fatal accidents is greater than 70% 12 and for non-fatal accidents it is over 90%. 11 In addition, the poor quality of social security data has been showed here, with one third of the observations presenting no CNAE data.…”

“…However, lethality has been increasing in Brazil over the last few years. 12 Also in the United States, Boden & Galizzi 1 (1999) analyzed compensation claims paid as a result of work-related accidents with one or more weeks off work and estimated that 78% were related to total temporary disability, while 18% corresponded to partial disability. These results are similar to those in the present study, in which the benefits proportion was around 80%.…”

“…These problems are common in Brazil, although largely avoidable. 12 Their occurrence indicate social injustice and should deserve priority in workers' health protection policies. Together, the findings from the present study indicate one facet, albeit partial of the relative dimension of work injuries among health-related benefits.…”

Doenças do trabalho e benefícios previdenciários relacionados à saúde, Bahia, 2000

“…By employing a conservative estimate that diseases recorded in certain trades, with double the frequency observed in the sum of benefi ts, may be related to work, substantial underreporting of the relationship with work can be verifi ed. 12 The reasons for this underreporting have already been discussed by several authors, 3,11,14 and range from the changes in the social security legislation, thus extending the period without insurance payment to 15 days, to the employer's failure to issue the CAT to avoid responsibilities, such as the employee's guarantee of stability, withdrawal from the Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço -FGTS (social security fund based on time of service), in addition to maintaining the company's reputation.…”