Epidemiologia da insônia

Abstract

RESUMO.Os autores fizeram uma ampla revisão da literatura científica mundial sobre a epidemiologia da insônia, o mais prevalente dos distúrbios do sono. Foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico, no período de janeiro de 2002 a novembro de 2003, das publicações dos últimos 30 anos, nos bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS, sobre a definição e prevalência da insônia, além de suas conseqüências socioeconômicas. As palavras-chaves pesquisadas foram: distúrbio de iniciar o sono, distúrbio de manutenção do sono, distúrbio do despertar precoce, insônia, distúrbios do sono, prevalência da insônia, conseqüências da insônia. Observou-se uma grande variação dos critérios de definição da insônia, dos desenhos metodológicos e dos resultados dos estudos epidemiológicos, o que prejudicou as comparações dos dados das várias pesquisas. As futuras linhas de pesquisa sobre a epidemiologia da insônia devem se embasar em um consenso sobre sua definição e critérios metodológicos mais bem-definidos.Palavras-chave: sono, insônia, epidemiologia. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE INSOMNIAABSTRACT. A vast literature review on the insomnia epidemiology, the most common sleep disorder, using MEDLINE and LILACS last 30 years of data, was performed from January 2002 to November 2003. The key-words were: sleep initiation disorders, sleep maintenance disorders, early awakening disorder, insomnia, sleep disorders, insomnia prevalence, insomnia consequences. Several insomnia definition criteria and epidemiology researches methods, with data comparison difficulties, were noticed. In the future it will be necessary similar insomnia definition and epidemiology studies criteria.

Stress levels and quality of sleep in subjects with temporomandibular joint dysfunction

“…Previous studies have reported a strong association between sleep disorders and certain types of stress (14,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Polysomnographic findings have shown that stress is associated with a decreased total sleep time, fragmentation and possibly reductions in stages 3 and 4 sleep.…”

“…Insomnia presents as the most prevalent sleep disorder seen in psychiatric disorders. It is defined as difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, which leads to non-restorative sleep insufficient for maintaining a good quality of alertness and wellness during the day (17). Terminal insomnia or early awakening is related to depression (22 Pain is the most frequent symptom of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and is likely to lead to the occurrence of sleep disorders and stress.…”

Sleep duration and health status self-assessment (SF-36) in the elderly: a population-based study (ISA-Camp 2008)

“…Elderly men tend to sleep more 8,16,17 , take longer to fall asleep and remain in bed longer 8 , whereas elderly women experience a longer rapid eye movement phase 8 in spite of the tendency toward a greater frequency of sleep disorders, especially insomnia and restless legs syndrome 18,19 . Although scarce, studies on the relationship between sleep duration and mortality and gender in the elderly have shown that risk of death increases with longer sleep patterns in men 20 and with shorter sleep patterns in women 17,21 .…”

Is the population properly informed about sleep disorders?

“…In our study, for the whole sample and all subgroups, the number of insomnia complaints was higher than that of diagnostic hypotheses of insomnia. We observed a marked correlation among adults, mainly within the male subgroup, which suggests that men are more strongly affected by sleep deprivation that is an important reason to seek treatment 29 .…”