Genetic Diversity in Arabica Coffee Grown in Potassium-Constrained Environment

Abstract

Potassium is a source of non-renewable natural resource, and is used in large quantities in coffee fertilization through basically imported formulations in the form of potassium chloride. An alternative to make production systems more sustainable would be obtaining cultivars more efficient in the use of this nutrient. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among 20 cultivars of coffee, in conditions of low availability of potassium to identify the best combinations for composing future populations to be used in breeding programs. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of nutrient solution. Agronomic characteristics and efficiencies of rooting, absorption, translocation, biomass production and potassium utilization were evaluated. The clustering analysis was based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering algorithm (UPGMA) and canonical variables. Variability was observed for most treatments. The multivariate procedures produced similar discrimination of genotypes, with the formation of five groups. Hybridizations between the cultivar Icatu Precoce IAC 3283 with cultivars Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62, Araponga MG1, Caturra Vermelho IAC 477, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 15, Rubi MG 1192 and Catucaí 785/15, and between the cultivar Tupi IAC 1669-33 with cultivars Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474 and Oeiras MG 6851 are the most promising for obtaining segregating populations or heterotic hybrids in breeding programs aiming more efficiency in potassium utilization.

Biometric analysis of arabica coffee grown in low potassium nutrient solution under greenhouse conditions

“…Similar results were observed between coffee genotypes in relation to morphological and nutritional efficiency traits when grown in environments under nutrientlimiting conditions (Reis Jr and Martinez, 2002;Zabini et al, 2007;Amaral et al, 2011a,b;Pedrosa et al, 2013;Moura et al, 2015). This variability is the basis for breeding programs with the goal of achieving efficient use of nutrients, and it is expressed by the phenotype, which results from the interaction of the genotype and the environment.…”

“…Further, it contributes to beverage quality by enabling the polyphenol oxidase enzyme to be present in the coffee fruit (Guimarães et al, 2011). Thus, alternatives that may contribute to the sustainability of coffee cultivation in Brazilian soils are of great importance, such as studies involving mineral nutrition and breeding, in order to select the most efficient plants in potassium use (Moura et al, 2015).…”

Korelasi Antara Ketinggian Tempat, Sifat Kimia Tanah, dan Mutu Fisik Biji Kopi Arabika di Dataran Tinggi Garut

“…Unsur K memainkan peran penting dalam sintesis protein, karbohidrat, dan adenosin trifosfat (ATP), pengaturan tekanan osmotik, serta toleransi terhadap hama dan penyakit melalui efek daya tahan dan permeabilitas membran plasma (Marschner, 2012 cited in Moura et al, 2015). Selain itu, unsur K juga berperan dalam reproduksi tanaman kopi, terutama pada hasil dan ukuran biji (Clemente et al, 2013), menentukan kualitas citarasa dengan mengaktifkan enzim polifenol oksidase serta menentukan kandungan kafein dan fenol dalam biji kopi (Gonthier, Witter, Spongberg, & Philpott, 2011;Clemente et al, 2013;Mancuso, Soratto, Crusciol, & Castro, 2014;Clemente, Martinez, Alves, Finger, & Cecon, 2015).…”

Genetic diversity of promising ‘conilon’ coffee clones based on morpho-agronomic variables

“…Studies on the genetic diversity of coffee adopting multivariate analyses have been carried out by many researchers, both for C. canephora (Fonseca et al 2006, Ivoglo et al 2008, Dalcomo et al 2015, Silva et al 2015, Covre et al 2016), and C. arabica (Dias et al 2005, Guedes et al 2013, Moura et al 2015, Rodrigues et al 2016. Information in this regard provides bases to be used in breeding programs for the species.…”