Caracterização e dinâmica de colonização de Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de vries em frutos do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract

RESUMOA presença de fungos em associação natural com frutos do cafeeiro é considerada um fator importante influenciando a qualidade do café. A influência negativa de algumas espécies de Aspergillus é conhecida, comprometendo inclusive a segurança do produto. Os relatos de fungos influenciando positivamente a qualidade se resumem à ocorrência de Cladosporium sp. associados a grãos que originaram cafés de boa qualidade, porém informações exatas sobre a espécie e a sua dinâmica no campo são escassas. Objetivando caracterizar a espécie associada ao cafeeiro e sua dinâmica de colonização, 18 isolados de Cladosporium foram caracterizados e identificados. A dinâmica de colonização do fungo nas comunidades externa e interna do fruto do cafeeiro foi estudada ao longo do período de desenvolvimento do fruto. A espécie associada ao cafeeiro foi identificada como Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries. A dinâmica do fungo é característica de um fungo saprófita encontrado em intensidade máxima quando os frutos estão nos estágios de cereja.Termos para indexação: Café, qualidade, fungos. ABSTRACTThe natural occurrence of fungi in coffee fruits is considered an important factor influencing the quality of coffee. The negative effect of some Aspergillus species in coffee, which can also affect safety of the product, is well known. Otherwise, there are reports describing the positive influence of fungi in coffee quality, but they are limited to the occurrence of Cladosporium sp. in fruits, and its correlation with a product of good quality. Indeed, the exact information about the species involved and dynamics of colonization are not available. The objective of this work was to identify and characterize the species of Cladosporium, detected in coffee fruits, and study the dynamics of colonization of the fruits during the maturation process. The species found on coffee fruits was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries. and the dynamics of colonization showed the typical pattern of a saprophytic fungus, with its highest incidence when the fruits were in complete maturation stage.

Incidence and distribution of filamentous fungi during fermentation, drying and storage of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans

“…Comparing the species of fungi present in the coffee beans, the highest incidence of C. cladosporioides was detected when competitors were absent or present in a reduced number (Table 3). These results are in agreement with those reported by Pereira et al (22), who observed that this C. cladosporioides specie corresponded to 100% of the identified isolates in the cherries and grains of coffee. There is evidence that this fungus is common in coffees of good quality (22).…”

“…Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Cladosporium are known as natural coffee contaminants, and are present from the field to the warehouse (18,22,32). The humidity and chemical composition of the coffee beans, environmental conditions and crop and product management can influence development of microorganisms and their metabolic activity.…”

Antagonism and Effect of Volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma spp. on Cladosporium spp.

“…The test result using malt extract as culture medium and incubation temperature of 25°C for 10 days (Pereira et al, 2005) was similar to values obtained in the present study, where isolates cultured in PDA medium at 25°C presented mycelial growth of approximately 30 mm for 10 days of culture. However, in comparing the results obtained by Bataszkowski et al (2005) using PDA culture medium and incubation at room temperature with results of this study, a difference can be verified, since the first study presented colonies of 55 mm of diameter for the same culture period, while colonies with diameter of 30 mm were observed in the present study.…”

Social interactions between fungus garden and external workers ofAtta sexdens(Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

“…Some of these fungus species, like A. niger, A. melleus, F. solani and P. expansum, have been found parasitizing other insects, such as the beetle Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus, 1758) the pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, 1868, Nomia bees or larvae of the beetle Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Domsch et al 1980). C. cladosporioides is a saprophyte that can associate with live plants such as the coffee tree (Pereira et al 2005), and R. stolonifer and Pestalotiopsis sp. are phytopathogens (Cardoso et al 2002;Hernández-Lauzardo et al 2006).…”