Comorbidades psiquiátricas em dependentes químicos em abstinência em ambiente protegido

Abstract

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a frequência de comorbidades psiquiátricas, utilizando Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, em diferentes grupos de dependentes químicos em abstinência, em ambiente protegido, classificados de acordo com o tipo de droga utilizada: (1) grupo controle (n = 37); (2) dependentes em abstinência de álcool (n = 8); (3) dependentes em abstinência de álcool, maconha e crack/ cocaína (n = 24); e (4) dependentes em abstinência de múltiplas substâncias psicoativas (n=25), ou seja, indivíduos que faziam uso de vários tipos de drogas sem apresentar uma droga de escolha. Participaram 94 homens, com idade média de 30,41 anos (DP = 9,88). O período de abstinência variou entre 30 e 240 dias. A maioria dos participantes tinha baixa escolaridade e era solteira. Os resultados apontaram maior ocorrência de psicopatologias e risco de suicídio nos grupos formados por pacientes com histórico de consumo múltiplo de substâncias, sugerindo a importância da avaliação de outros transtornos associados à dependência química.Palavras-chave: drogas; comorbidades; transtornos psiquiátricos; população masculina. AbstractPsychiatric comorbidities in abstinent drug addict in a protected environment. The objective of this research was to determine the frequency of psychiatric comorbidity, using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, in different groups of former drug addicts, classified according to the type of drug used: (1) control group (n = 37), (2) ex-users of alcohol only (n = 8), (3) former users of alcohol, marijuana and crack /cocaine (n = 24), and (4) ex-poly drug users (n = 25), in other words, individuals who use various types of drugs without a clear drug of choice. Participants comprised 94 men, mean age 30.41 years (SD = 9.88). The withdrawal period varied between 30 and 240 days. Most participants had little schooling and were single. The results showed a higher incidence of psychopathology and suicide risk in the groups formed by patients with a history of multiple substance use, suggesting the importance of evaluation of other disorders associated with addiction.

Profile of Crack Users in Detoxification Process in Therapeutic Communities from Paraíba

“…Regarding the reasons that led to the consumption, 55% (11) said they felt desire/curiosity and 30% (6) were motivated by affective losses or family problems. (Table 1) According to the period of permanence at the therapeutic community, 65% (13) of users were inmates from 1 to 6 months.…”

“…Another study points out that the concern that the dependents try to do something against themselves is present during the recovery process when evaluating that their sample showed high level of suicidal thought. Suicide is considered as a serious problem to public health and is directly linked to mental disorders and drugs, being priority during treatment at the detoxification moment as a high reaction to craving [6].…”

“…When the user starts to tolerate the drug's effect it is common to increase the quantity or to combine it with other psychoactive substances that help to soften the symptoms unleashed by the abstinence, which can hide the presence of a higher resistance to the manifestations of abandonment in case only one drug were used [6].…”

“…Among the disorders, the anxiety is present and is accentuated before the life experiences that the drug users face, such as involvement in crimes, family and social problems, mourning for friends or even for when they are in abstinence [5,6].…”

Sintomas psiquiátricos e características sociodemográficas associados à tentativa de suicídio de usuários de cocaína e crack em tratamento

“…Tais resultados encontram consonância com outras investigações que identificaram associações entre crack e cocaína, e sintomas psiquiátricos 28,29 , como Narvaez et al 30 , que viram associação entre uso de drogas e sintomas depressivos. Kessler et al 31 também encontraram uma variação entre 27,4% e 53,4% de sintomas psiquiátricos ao avaliar os pacientes antes de iniciar o tratamento para dependência das mesmas substâncias.…”