Infecção pelo papilomavírus humano: etiopatogenia, biologia molecular e manifestações clínicas

Leto, Maria das Graças Pereira; Júnior, Gildo Francisco dos Santos; Porro, Adriana María; Tomimori, Jane

doi:10.1590/s0365-05962011000200014

Cited by 111 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA-virus from the Papoviridae family - genre Papillomavirus, with more than 100 types currently recognized, 20 of which can infect the genital tract; the man is the main disseminator [1,2]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Sousa

Vidal

et al. 2015

BMC Urol

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BackgroundThe human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in males has been reported to be between 3.6% and 84%, depending specially on the socioeconomic status. HPV infection has been related as a risk factor for penile cancer. This is a rare tumor, and other risk factors include lack of personal hygiene and men who have not undergone circumcision. Penile cancer is less than 1% of cancers in men in the United States, however, is much more common in some parts of Asia, Africa, and South America, where it accounts for up to 10% of cancers in men. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV-DNA in penile cancers in São Luís, Brazil and to correlate the virus presence to histopathological factors.MethodsTumor paraffin samples of 76 patients with penile carcinoma were tested in order to establish the prevalence and distribution of genotypic HPV using PCR/Nested and automated sequencing. To evaluate the association between HPV types and other clinical and morphological variables, a nonparametric ANOVA was performed using a Kruskal Wallis test, and statistical significance was determined to a value of p < 0.05.ResultsThe average age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 66 years ± 17.10. Regarding location, 65.79% of the tumors were located in the glans, and the most common types were vegetative (34.21%) and squamous (98.68%). Most of the lesions ranged in size from 2.1 to 5.0 cm, presenting Jackson I stage and Broders II degree. It was observed that 32 patients had at least one invaded and/or infiltrated structure. Lymph node involvement was observed in 19.76% of the patients, and 21.05% showed an inflammatory process. In the molecular evaluation, HPV infection was observed in 63.15% of the lesions, and the most common type was HPV 16.ConclusionsFrom the statistical analysis, it can be verified that the variables were not associated with infection by the HPV virus. Although penile cancer can result from various risk factors that act in synergy, an HPV virus infection is important for the development of such neoplasm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Sousa

Vidal

et al. 2015

BMC Urol

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“…HPV can be divided into cutaneous and mucosal types based on their tropism for the epithelium of different tissues (5). Mucosal HPV types are further divided into low-and high-risk categories, depending on oncogenicity.…”

Section: Hpv Infection and Disease Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection

Moerman-Herzog

Nakagawa

2015

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and is almost exclusively caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is also frequently associated with other cancers arising from mucosal epithelium, including anal and oropharyngeal cancers, which are becoming more common in both men and women. Viral persistence and progression through precancerous lesion stages are prerequisites for HPV-associated cancer and reflect the inability of cell-mediated immune mechanisms to clear infections and eliminate abnormal cells in some individuals. Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by innate pathogen sensing and subsequent secretion of soluble immune mediators and amplified by the recruitment and activation of effector T lymphocytes. This review discusses early defensive mechanisms of innate responders to natural HPV infection, their influence on response polarization, and the underappreciated role of keratinocytes in this process. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infects epithelial cells of the skin and mucosal tissues and is best known for its causal role in cervical cancer (1, 2), the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide (3). HPV remains a serious public health problem despite the availability of effective prophylactic vaccines such as Gardasil (Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) and Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium). In the United States in 2009, cervical cancer represented 53.4% of the newly diagnosed HPV-associated cancers in women and oropharyngeal cancer represented 78.2% of the newly diagnosed HPV-associated cancers in men (4). The incidence rates of HPV-associated anal and oropharyngeal cancers in both men and women increased between 2000 and 2009 (4). In addition, adoption of prophylactic vaccines has been slow. Therefore, understanding of early events that occur upon HPV infection would be important in developing additional modalities for preventing HPV-associated malignancies. This review presents recent advances in our knowledge of the impact of epithelial danger sensing and cytokine responses on the clearance of HPV infections and the emerging role of keratinocytes (KC) as initiators of and partners in the amplification of anti-HPV immunity. HPV INFECTION AND DISEASE PROGRESSIONThe site of infection matters. HPV can be divided into cutaneous and mucosal types based on their tropism for the epithelium of different tissues (5). Mucosal HPV types are further divided into low-and high-risk categories, depending on oncogenicity. Highrisk HPV types cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer (1, 2) and are commonly associated with cancer and high-grade precursor lesions in other mucosal tissues (5-7). HPV16 and -18 cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers, while low-risk HPV6 and -11 cause 90% of anogenital warts. Although HPV broadly infects proliferative cells of cutaneous and mucosal epithelia (2), the risk of HPV-associated disease progression is much higher in the metaplastic transformation zones of the cervix, anus, and oropharynx (8). Active metaplasi...

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“…Among the HPVs with high oncogenic risk are types 16 and 18 15 . HPV 16 has been identified in up to 59.8% of invasive cancers and in over 50% of non-invasive cancers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência de câncer colorretal associado ao papilomavírus humano: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

Pelizzer

Dias

Poeta

et al. 2016

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Introduction:Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent types of tumors worldwide. Deaths caused by these malignant tumors remain high and have stayed practically at the same level for the last few decades. Among the established risk factors for the development of cancer are infections due to pathogens or viruses. Among the viruses, the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent, with over 180 strains, 40 of which are directly related to anogenital infections. Objective: Systematically assess the main studies which link HPV to colorectal cancer with meta-analysis. Methods: The search strategy adopted was the logic based on specific descriptors (English language), in combination with the Boolean operators (AND/OR). The search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), between April and May 2015. Results: 1,549 samples were assessed, with 956 (61.7%) being males. Six hundred thirty out of 1,358 cases of colorectal cancer due to HPV were diagnosed (51.9%). From these, 408 of 767 (51.9%) were male and 404 of 598 (67.5%) were linked to HPV 16 and 18, with tumor prevalence in the area of the cervix (253 of 411; 61.3%). From the total of 598 samples for the prevalence estimate of HPV 16 and 18, the number of cases with similar numbers was 204 (31.7%) and 200 (35.8%), respectively. Relatively significant numbers were found in the area of the cervix, 253 (61.3%), and the area of the rectum, 158 (38.7%). Conclusion: After conducting the present study, the link between HPV and colorectal cancer was made evident, without a distinction between the sexes, with similar values between HPV 16 and HPV 18.

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Infecção pelo papilomavírus humano: etiopatogenia, biologia molecular e manifestações clínicas

Cited by 111 publications

References 49 publications

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection

Prevalência de câncer colorretal associado ao papilomavírus humano: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise

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