Dermatoscopia: o método de análise de padrões

Abstract

Abstract:The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing worldwide. Since it has an aggressive behavior and difficult to treat in more advanced stages, early diagnosis is essential for cure. Dermoscopy is an auxiliary diagnostic method that allows an increase in the diagnostic accuracy for cutaneous melanoma using a hand-held microscope with a 10-fold magnification -a dermatoscope. The pattern analysis method is considered a reliable procedure to teach dermatology residents. It is based on global and specific patterns that enable classifying melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions (which are important in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma INTRODUCTIONThe incidence of melanoma has doubled all over the world in fair-skin patients over the past 10 years.1 The highest incidence and mortality rates in the world are recorded in Australia, where it is the most common type of cancer in men and it ranks second in women, in the age group 15-44 years; therefore, it is considered a public health problem.

Aspectos dermatoscópicos do siringocistoadenoma papilífero associado a nevo sebáceo

“…5 Dermoscopy or surface microscopy is a method used to visualize structures situated under the stratum corneum. 7 Its principal indication is the diagnosis and follow-up of pigmented skin lesions, with the objective of detecting melanoma at early stages. However, its use has been extended to the study of non-melanocytic lesions, pathologies of the scalp and nails, and evaluation of the vascular pattern of skin tumors.…”

“…However, its use has been extended to the study of non-melanocytic lesions, pathologies of the scalp and nails, and evaluation of the vascular pattern of skin tumors. 7 Reports have been published on the dermoscopic pattern of adnexal tumors such as eccrine poromas, hidradenomas and angiohistiocytomas. [8][9][10] Nevertheless, up to the present moment, there has been no description of dermoscopy carried out to evaluate syringocystadenoma papilliferum.…”

Nevo displásico (nevo atípico)

“…In 1993, Pehamberger et al proposed a dermoscopic diagnostic model for melanocytic lesions called Pattern Analysis, with diagnostic accuracy of 76% compared to 59% with naked eye clinical examination. 21,22,23 This model uses dermoscopic characteristics that are most commonly found in atypical nevi in comparison with those found in melanoma. 22.23 Atypical nevus is characterized by the presence of an irregular pigment network, discretly and / or focally prominent, terminating abruptly or gradually; presence of irregular diffuse pigmentation with the posibility of being severe and centrally heterogeneous, with abrupt termination at the periphery of the lesion; areas of depigmentation, when present, are usually irregular and peripheral; brown globules, when present, show varied size and form and are irregularly distributed; black dots, which are rare, are regularly distributed; radiating striae, pseudopods and blue-gray veil are often absent ( Figure 2).…”

“…22.23 Atypical nevus is characterized by the presence of an irregular pigment network, discretly and / or focally prominent, terminating abruptly or gradually; presence of irregular diffuse pigmentation with the posibility of being severe and centrally heterogeneous, with abrupt termination at the periphery of the lesion; areas of depigmentation, when present, are usually irregular and peripheral; brown globules, when present, show varied size and form and are irregularly distributed; black dots, which are rare, are regularly distributed; radiating striae, pseudopods and blue-gray veil are often absent ( Figure 2). 21,22,23 The main criteria for differentiating atypical from common nevi are: the pigment network and brown globules. In atypical nevi, the pigment network is usually irregular, focally prominent and terminates abruptly at the periphery in some areas; in common nevi the pigment network is regular and fades to the periphery of the lesion.…”

Aspectos dermatoscópicos na psoríase ungueal

“…1 No aparelho ungueal essa ferramenta é consagrada apenas para lesões melanocíticas. 2 Em lesões não melanocíticas do aparelho ungueal esse exame é recente e de grande valia.…”