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Sociocultural transformations brought about by indigenous leaders in Amazonia have been described as prophetic, millenaristic, or messianic and contrasted with modern reformism. This article addresses new ways of describing processes of change negotiated among indigenous actors. Although these processes are mostly absent from colonial or later sources, they should not remain foreign to ethnology, as the three empirical cases analyzed in this essay show. Methodologically, the essay asks why the regulatory image of Rousseau's small community, meeting face to face to express the general will, has never had the same impact in the anthropological imagination as that of the “noble savage.” Thematically, these case studies raise the question of how peace is made and suggest that, while peacemaking demands “magic,” the invocation of extrahuman powers, the social forms and values on which peace is based are contained as objective possibilities in the present. Making peace actual requires creative choices.
Sociocultural transformations brought about by indigenous leaders in Amazonia have been described as prophetic, millenaristic, or messianic and contrasted with modern reformism. This article addresses new ways of describing processes of change negotiated among indigenous actors. Although these processes are mostly absent from colonial or later sources, they should not remain foreign to ethnology, as the three empirical cases analyzed in this essay show. Methodologically, the essay asks why the regulatory image of Rousseau's small community, meeting face to face to express the general will, has never had the same impact in the anthropological imagination as that of the “noble savage.” Thematically, these case studies raise the question of how peace is made and suggest that, while peacemaking demands “magic,” the invocation of extrahuman powers, the social forms and values on which peace is based are contained as objective possibilities in the present. Making peace actual requires creative choices.
This article is a belated contribution to a Common Knowledge symposium on the “unanticipated conceptual practice” of “anthropological philosophy.” The basic argument is that the groundwork for this emerging approach, associated foremost with Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's book Métaphysiques cannibales of 2009, was laid in the 1970s by the controversial French anthropologists Pierre and Hélène Clastres. It is argued that the Clastres took the intellectual practices of Guarani shamans and prophets as analogous to the those of ancient Greek philosophers but also as sharply critical of the principles (in particular, the principle of non-contradiction) that underlay early Western metaphysics.
A partir de um esforço de sistematização de observações esparsas e de uma longa experiência de estudo de línguas ameríndias faladas no Brasil, este texto enfoca aspectos do trabalho de tradução que atravessa todo o processo da pesquisa linguística e etnográfica. Entendendo tradução no sentido mais amplo possível, são abordados diferentes temas interrelacionados, tomando como caso em análise exercícios tradutivos entre uma língua karib do Alto Xingu-o Kuikuro-e o português. O primeiro tema é o da transformação de falas e artes verbais de tradição oral em textos escritos, passo que antecede qualquer forma de tradução propriamente dita. O segundo tema concerne a produção escrita e a tradução induzidas pela escolarização e pelas demandas do pesquisador. O terceiro tema, inevitável, é o trabalho de tradução motivado pelo contato com missionários. Existem nexos entre essas operações de transfiguração do exótico em familiar e vice-versa, e as pretensões 'civilizatórias' de missionários, agentes da escolarização e pesquisadores, uma armadilha pronta a engolir mesmo os tradutores, indígenas e não-indígenas, mais bem intencionados. palavras-chave: Línguas ameríndias, tradução, escrita, poética oral, artes verbais amerinDian Languages: moDes anD WaYs oF transLation abstract: As an effort to organize scattered observations and as a result of a long experience of investigation of Amerindian languages spoken in Brazil, this essay deals with some aspects of the work of translation that goes through the whole process of the linguistic and ethnographic Recebido em 12/08/2012 Aceito em 25/10/2012
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