Scorpions, Scorpionism, Life History Strategies  and Parthenogenesis

Lourenço, Wilson R.; Cuéllar, Orlando

doi:10.1590/s0104-79301995000200002

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…[17][18][19] In some countries, such as Brazil, Mexico and Venezuela, scorpion envenomation is considered a real public health issue. [20][21] In the city of Durango in Mexico, 1608 deaths were recorded in a 30-year period, with an average of 800 to 1000 deaths per year in all Mexico [21][22] while in the past 20 years, there have been no reported fatalities in the US due to scorpion stings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other deadly species have been reported in Saudi Arabia such as Nebo hierochonticus. 15 Globally, there are dangerous species such as Tityus stigmurus, T. serrulatus and T. brazilae in Brazil, 20,25,30 Centruroides suffusus in Mexico, 16 Hemiscorpion lepturus in Iran, 31 Centruroides sculpturotus in the United States, Mesobuthus tamulus in India 32 and Androctonus maure-tanicus in North African countries. [18][19]33 Local pain was the primary presenting complaint in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia

Jarrar¹,

Al-Rowaily²

2008

Ann Saudi Med

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BACKGROUND:Information on scorpion stings is available for many parts of Saudi Arabia, but not for Al-Jouf Province. METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed 1449 cases of scorpion stings that presented to the emergency department of the hospitals and medical centers in Al-Jouf Province during a 2-year period (2005)(2006). RESULTS: The majority of patients (92.7%) manifested class I envenomation with local pain at the sting site as the primary complaint. Systemic toxicity was noticed in 7.3% of cases but no deaths were reported. Scorpion stings were recorded throughout the year with the highest seasonal incidence in the summer (64.3%) and the lowest during the winter (10.6%). The highest monthly incidence was in June (21.5%) and the lowest in December (1.5%). Most of the patients were male (77.3%) and the age of 44.2% of victims ranged between 15 to 30 years. Diurnal stings exceeded the nocturnal ones with a ratio of 3:2, and most of the stings were located mainly on the exposed limbs (88.6%), especially the lower limbs (51.7%). Leiurus quinquestriatus and Androctonus crassi-cauda were incriminated in most recorded cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that scorpion stings are common in Al-Jouf Province, especially during the summer. The overall threat to human health was found to be low. Scorpion sting syndrome is a medical problem that represents a real threat in many parts of the world including Saudi Arabia. [1][2][3][4][5] Annually, thousands are stung by scorpions in Saudi Arabia with an average of 14 500 stings per year. 3 While considerable information is available about scorpion sting syndrome in most districts of Saudi Arabia, little is known about scorponism in Al-Jouf province. 4 The present study aims to assess the risk of scorpion stings together with the efficacy of scorpion antivenom therapy, and to clarify the epidemiological features of scorpion stings in this province. METHODSThis study was based on 1449 cases of scorpion stings submitted to the emergency department at the hospitals and medical centers of cities and towns of Al-Jouf province, Saudi Arabia (Skaka, Domat Al-Jandal, Tabarjal and Qorayat) (latitude, 29°47 N, longitude 40°06 W) over a period of 2 years ( January 2005-December 2006). The victims belonged to ten nationalities (Saudi and non-Saudi). The data were extracted from the victim records and analyzed by age, sex, time of sting and submission (month and time of day), sting location on body, scorpion species, presenting complaint, systemic symptoms, received treatment, period of observation and outcome of each sting. The clinical severity of each case was assessed according to Abroug's classification,6 where the envenomation cases were sorted into class I: local symptoms at the site of sting; class II (symptomatic): thrill, sedation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypertension; class III (systemic): cardiovascular, respiratory, and/or neurological disorders. RESULTSThe total number of scorpion stings reviewed in Al-Jouf province over the period (2005)(2006) was 1449 ( Table 1). T...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia

Jarrar¹,

Al-Rowaily²

2008

Ann Saudi Med

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“…The most dangerous species to humans belong to the genera Leiurus, Androctonus, Buthus, Tityus, and Centruroides (Buthidae family) (7)(8)(9). Seven geographic areas are identified as most risky: North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Near East, the Middle East, parts of India, Central America and Latin America (8,(10)(11)(12). In a few of these regions (Africa, the Middle East and India), scorpions comprise a serious public health problem with elevated annual rates of poisonings (5,9,12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euscorpius (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae): three cases of stings in northwestern Italy

Dutto¹,

Dutto²,

Scaglione³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Abstract:In the period between June 2008 and August 2009, three cases of stings of Euscorpius scorpions indigenous to Italy were treated at two different emergency departments (ED) in hospitals of the Piedmont region, northwest Italy: Santa Croce e Carle General Hospital in Cuneo, and Santissima Annunziata Hospital in Savigliano. Scorpion stings in Italy are rare and not well documented in the literature; this situation may raise doubts among medical personnel as to how such lesions are best treated. Analysis of the incidents confirms that the venom of Euscorpius do not provokes systemic poisoning in humans and in these cases even dermatological reactions were not significant.

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“…The effects of human activity and environmental changes have allowed expansion and colonization by opportunist species, through modifying their habitats, invading human dwellings and displacing less dangerous autochthonous species 12 . The main control measure used to combat these arachnids has been the use of chemical insecticides, particularly in situations in which other alternative control measure like elimination of breeding sites, woodpiles, rocks and debris from areas around homes have been difficult to apply or been shown to be unsuitable 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones; Buthidae): response to chemical control and understanding of scorpionism among the population

Albuquerque

Barbosa

Iannuzzi

2009

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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In this study, the events following application of the insecticide Demand 2.5 concentrated solution (CS) in the field, to control Tityus stigmurus, were investigated. Data on attitudes and practices relating to scorpionism were collected using a questionnaire. During the months of May to July 2005, 69 premises were monitored on different days following insecticide treatment, focusing on scorpion frequency and mortality. According to the results, 42% of the premises showed scorpion incidence, with an average of three specimens per house. The highest incidence was recorded during the first week following the treatment. Only 7% of the specimens were found dead. Most (72%) of the population showed knowledge about prevention and control measures. Despite this, 100% of the premises presented breeding sites, mainly in debris (79.7%). These results indicate that the scorpion control method used by health agents during this investigation was not efficient, and the results suggest that the method may have had a dispersive effect on these animals. Key-words:Community. Scorpion. Pyrethroid. Public health. RESUMONeste trabalho investigou-se os eventos ocorridos após a aplicação do inseticida Demand 2,5 solução concentrada (CS) em campo para controle de Tytius stigmurus. Dados sobre atitudes e práticas relacionados ao escorpionismo foram coletados usando um questionário. Durante os meses de maio a julho/2005, 69 imóveis foram monitorados em diferentes dias após o tratamento com inseticida, focando a freqüência e mortalidade de escorpiões. Segundo os resultados, 42% dos imóveis apresentaram incidência escorpiônica com uma média de três indivíduos/casa. O maior índice de incidência foi registrado na primeira semana após o tratamento. Apenas 7% dos espécimes foram encontrados mortos. A maioria (72%) da população demonstrou conhecer as medidas de prevenção e controle. Apesar disso, 100% das residências apresentaram criadouros, principalmente entulhos (79,7%). Esses resultados indicam que o método para controle escorpiônico usado pelos agentes de saúde, durante a pesquisa não foi eficiente, sugerindo um possível efeito dispersor sobre o animal. Palavras-chaves:Comunidade. Escorpião. Piretróide. Saúde pública.

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Scorpions, Scorpionism, Life History Strategies and Parthenogenesis

Cited by 71 publications

References 8 publications

Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia

Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia

Euscorpius (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae): three cases of stings in northwestern Italy

Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones; Buthidae): response to chemical control and understanding of scorpionism among the population

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