The present work intends to analyze the documentary from the point of view of the historiography of cinema, with a reference that takes into account the legacy of the Dialectical Program, above all the contributions of André Bazin, one of the main theorists of realism in cinema. For this reason, he uses the work of Robert Flaherty, with special focus on Louisiana Story, because this is one of Flaherty's films that has a narrative very close to fiction cinema.