Un enigma llamado Agostino Gemelli: catolicismo, fascismo y psicoanálisis en la Italia de entreguerras

Abstract

Resumen El padre franciscano Agostino Gemelli jugó importante rol en la articulación entre el mundo católico y el fascismo en la Italia de entreguerras. Gemelli fue también una figura central de la psicología italiana, especialmente durante las décadas de 1930 y 1940. El artículo enfoca sus estrategias de construcción profesional, con especial atención, la manera en que su vinculación con el poder político y eclesiástico permitió su creciente relevancia dentro de la psicología italiana. Tomando como ejemplo la vinculación de Gemelli con el psicoanálisis, se subraya la tensión entre su relativa apertura y su compromiso con ideologías e instituciones autoritarias y dogmáticas.

Between modernity and tradition: the formation of a psychoanalytical culture during the Franco dictatorship

“…Chaired by López Ibor, the event featured Father Agostino Gemelli, president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and rector of the Catholic University as honorary president. Gemelli was a political and religious authority on psychology and Catholicism (Pasqualini, 2016). It is no coincidence that the prologue that replaced the original by the philosopher and essayist José Ortega y Gasset in the reprint of Freud's Complete Works in 1948 based itself on Gemelli in order to establish the compatibilities between psychoanalysis and Catholicism, convincing the Francoist authorities and avoiding possible censorship (Druet, 2006;Bermejo, 1993) The main promoter of these congresses was the French philosophical writer Maryse Choisy, one of the figures who fought most for the implementation of psychoanalysis within Catholic circles.…”

Patrizia Guarnieri. Italian Psychology and Jewish Emigration under Fascism: From Florence to Jerusalem and New York. London-New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 304 pp. $100 (hardcover). ISBN-13: 978-1-137-30655-5.

“…In fact, in the 1930s, father Agostino Gemelli created a thriving research center in Milan and, unlike other Italian psychologists, increased its power due to his collaboration with fascism, which was protected by the powerful shield of the Catholic Church. In this sense, it was recently shown that Gemelli was indeed the most prolific author in the PsycInfo database in the 1930s (Green, ; see also Foschi, Giannone, & Giuliani, ; Pasqualini, ).…”