Relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal do sistema estomatognático em pré-escolares

Abstract

Background: relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis. Aim: to verify the relationship between speech, tonus and non-verbal praxis of the stomatognathic system in preschoolers. Method: 120 children, with ages between 4:0 and 5:11 years, were assessed. This assessment consisted of an anamnesis and a speech-language evaluation. The anamnesis was carried out with each child and was completed with information obtained through a questionnaire filled out by parents or guardians. The speech-language assessment involved: assessment of tonus (resistance), of mobility (execution of isolated movements), praxis of lips and tongue (repetition of sequential movements) and of speech (picture naming). Results: statistically significant findings were: normal tongue tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.003*); tongue with altered tonus in the group of children with altered praxis (p = 0.003*) and normal speech in the group of children with normal praxis (p < 0.001). Other observations were: normal lip tonus in the group of children with normal praxis (p = 0.058); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip tonus (p = 0.149), normal speech in the group of children with normal tongue tonus (p = 0.332); altered speech (omission, substitution and distortion) in the group of children with altered lip praxis (p = 0.241). Differences in speech related to gender or age were not observed in the present study. However, children with ages between 4:0 and 4:11 years presented speech alterations in a higher proportion when compared to children with ages between 5:0 and 5:11 years. Conclusion: it was not possible to prove the existence of a relationship between tonus and lip praxis, and between lip praxis and speech. A relationship exists between tonus and non-verbal tongue praxis and also between non-verbal tongue praxis and speech. Key Words: Articulation Disorders; Stomatognathic System; Preschool; Muscle Tonus. ResumoTema: relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal. Objetivo: verificar a existência de relação entre fala, tônus e praxia não-verbal do sistema estomatognático em pré-escolares. Método: avaliamos 120 crianças, de 4:0 a 5:11 de idade. Todas foram submetidas à avaliação que constou de anamnese e avaliação fonoaudiológica. A anamnese foi realizada com a própria criança e complementada por informações obtidas por meio de um questionário, respondido por seus pais ou responsáveis. A avaliação fonoaudiológica constou de: avaliação do tônus (resistência), da mobilidade (realização de movimentos isolados), da praxia (repetição de movimentos seqüenciais) de lábios e de língua e da fala (nomeação de figuras). Resultados: os achados estatisticamente significantes foram: tônus de língua normal nas crianças do grupo de praxia normal (p = 0,003*); tônus de língua alterado nas crianças do grupo de praxia alterada (p = 0,003*) e fala normal nas crianças do grupo com praxia normal (p < 0,001). Observamos tônus de lábios normal nas crianças do grupo ...

Alterações da linguagem oral no nível fonológico/fonético em crianças de 4 a 6 anos residentes em belo horizonte

“…. There was also a high prevalence of simplification processes, which is also in accordance with the results of other studies [29][30][31] . In this study we did not observe statistically significant association between oral language disorders and gender.…”

“…Even with the possibility of overcoming the disorders without intervention, studies indicate that these children must be followed, as they present results short from expected for age and the possibility of difficulty aggravation and/or impact of other skills such as mastery of written language. These children have lower performance than the normal range found in the healthy population 7,12,19,21,30 . In the analysis of the relationship between the deviations of oral language and other speechlanguage disorders, we observed statistically significant association between phonological and auditory processing disorders.…”

Praxia não verbal na fonoaudiologia: revisão de literatura

“…Children are not born with these movements already developed 1,6 . Verbal apraxia, which is the sequencing capacity of syllables within words -fluency involved in the sequence of required movements for oral expression -has its functional learning, ie, the interaction with its own speech production that will lead the child to learn them 1,6 . In this sense, phonological acquisition interacts with the development of speech motor control 7,8 .…”

“…The scientific papers, representative in the international literature, envision a new phonological field to work with altered speech. In Brazil, in 1996, appearing for the first time in the scientific field was a publication on Non Verbal Apraxia whose authors 6 expose the need to stimulate this aspect for clinical work with oral language. Broadening the national debate in 2015, the authors show that the praxis alterations of the stomatognathic system are present in individuals with phonological disorders and should be encouraged to correct the clinical framework [9][10][11] .…”

Relação entre ceceio e índice oclusal em crianças com fissura labiopalatina

“…Assim, o ceceio pode ser conseqüência de frênulo lingual curto (POLA et al 2002;MARCHESAN, 2003), hipotonicidade dos órgãos fonoarticulatórios, respiração oral ou mesmo alterações de sensibilidade e/ou praxia (COLLETI et al, 1976;KELLY, 1977;SANTOS et al, 2000;GIBBON, WOOD, 2002;GIBBON, 2004). Porém, alguns estudos contradizem a relação entre praxia, tonicidade, sensibilidade e fala (MCNUTT, 1977;DWORKIN, CULATTA, 1985;FARIAS et al, 2006 Segundo WARREN (1993), na presença de má-oclusão, o sistema fonatório compensa o déficit estrutural para manter a pressão em nível apropriado. Esta compensação pode ocorrer usando a língua para ocluir um espaço de mordida aberta anterior, por exemplo.…”