To analyze and discuss issues involving violence and peace we need to investigate the complex processes participating of the construction of the two concepts. Particularly when we consider their meanings deeply rooted in historical cultural and psychological dimensions of social phenomena. To study and reflect upon such phenomena is a permanent endeavor of social sciences and, more recently, of psychology. From a Cultural Psychology theoretical-methodological perspective, we claim that human subjects continuously transform as they interact with the also developing historical-cultural context, and human conducts results from such interactions. Peace and violence are complementary and complex concepts, directly related to human values, and they emerge from cultural practices according to a dynamic process of mutual constitution. The construction and development of values related to peace and violence within the context of military institution, and the role played by culture in this process, is the aim of this research, which endorse the possibility of social contexts transformations. Taking into account the cultural socio-historical context of the Military Police of the State X, the study focused on the analysis an understanding of the multiple components found in the definition of violence, its prevention and the promotion of a culture of peace among the militaries. A qualitative methodology included semi-structured individual interviews and focal groups, in order to provide empirical indicators constructed in the interactions between the researcher and the participants. From the individual interviews, three of the cadets' (students of the Military Police Academy), and three of the lieutenants' (with two years of graduation) were selected for analysis, in both cases two men and one woman. After, a focal group session was conducted with each group, and individual interviews were carried out with a teacher and the coordinator of the Academy. From an interpretative-constructive analytical approach, we verified that participants, in general, produced superficial and common sense concepts and explanations about violence and peace. They affirmed the Academy course well prepare them regarding the topic of violence, but also agree that Military Police practices involve violence, and, according to them, repression dominates over prevention. Cadets and lieutenants presented a critical appraisal concerning some of the military culture values, and identified hierarchy as something good that can be ill-used by superiors. The identified contradictory aspects in the military education, giving as example the promotion of competition in contrast with expectations of loyalty. The photos and videos used in the method, depicting violence by, or directed to, militaries, stirred emotions that helped to identify their positionings regarding the investigated topics. In sum, the research was able to identify and analyze sociogenetic processes promoting human values, and, therefore, contribute to discussions that may allow for changes in t...