Social Model: A New Approach of the Disability Theme

Abstract

The experience of disability is part of the daily lives of people who have a disease, lesion or corporal limitation. Disability is still understood as personal bad luck; moreover, from the social and political points of view, the disabled are seen as a minority. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about the experience of disability. The research presents a new approach on the theme: the social model. This approach appeared as an alternative to the medical model of disability, which sees the lesion as the primary cause of social inequality and of the disadvantages experienced by the disabled, ignoring the role of social structures in their oppression and marginalization. The study permits reflecting on how the difficulties and barriers society imposed on people considered different make disability a reality and portray social injustice and the vulnerability situation lived by excluded groups.Descriptors: Disabled Persons; Bioethics; Vulnerability; Social Justice. Modelo social: un nuevo abordaje para el tema deficienciaLa experiencia de la deficiencia hace parte de la vida de personas que tienen una enfermedad, lesión o limitación corporal. La deficiencia es comprendida, también, como un hecho de mala suerte personal y, del punto de vista social y político, los deficientes son vistos como una minoría. Este estudio pretende contribuir para profundizar los conocimientos sobre el tema deficiencia. La investigación trae un nuevo abordaje del tema: el modelo social. Ese abordaje surgió como una alternativa al modelo médico de la deficiencia, que reconoce en la lesión, en la enfermedad o en la limitación física la causa principal de la desigualdad social y de las desventajas experimentadas por los deficientes, ignorando el papel de la sociedad en su opresión y marginalización. El estudio permite reflexionar como las dificultades y barreras impuestas por la sociedad a las personas consideradas diferentes tornan la deficiencia una realidad y retratan la injusticia social y la situación de vulnerabilidad vivida por grupos excluidos.

Internalisation of Disability as a Social Phenomenon in the Reality of Inclusive Education

“…L. N. S. Bampi, D. Guilhem, E. D. Alves (2010) stated that identification of personal differences and their perception in a community, enhance social and psychological position of a person as a community member as well as strengthen concerns to provide one with required support. A person with a disability feels as a part of the community, while on the other hand, one still perceives self in the role of a disabled.…”

“…A person with a disability feels as a part of the community, while on the other hand, one still perceives self in the role of a disabled. Disability researchers E. S. Green (2007), L. N. S. Bampi, D. Guilhem, E. D. Alves (2010) noticed that in the context of interpersonal relationships, a person with a disability may frequently undergo stigmatisation experiences and sometimes such feelings are particular by families with disabled members or communities of the disabled. It is obvious that interpersonal interaction that constructs social relations brings relevance to dignity or humiliation experiences encountered by a person with a disability.…”

Tutoria nas aulas de Educação Física inclusiva: uma revisão sistemática

“…Juliana Aparecida de Paula Schuller, 1,2 , Cléria Maria Lobo Bittar, 2 Lilian Cristina Gomes do Nascimento, 2 Maysa Venturoso Gongora Buckeridge Serra, 2 Maria Georgina Marques Tonello não aceitação das diferenças, dentre outros. 11 Embora a legislação brasileira garanta o acesso e a permanência de estudantes com deficiências na rede regular de ensino, observa-se que a inclusão ainda é uma realidade ambígua no contexto escolar, repetindo--se o mesmo panorama nas aulas de educação física.…”

Disability during military service in Israel: raising awareness of gender differences

“…According to these models, which focus on the physical nature of the impairment, the disabled person bears responsibility for his/her situation, and consequently, for its resolution (see Kiesler 1999, Smart andSmart 2007). These models, however, have been scrutinized due to their extreme focus on the medical definitions of impairment, and more importantly for their relative disregard of societies' accountability and importance in assisting the individual in various aspects of daily functioning (Bampi et al 2010). Consequently, theorists began to consider social models of disability, which view disability not as an individual problem, but as an issue which is the product of the social and the physical environment (Lutz and Bowers 2007).…”

“…In recent years, the introduction of the social model of disability (e.g., Pfeiffer 2007, Bampi et al 2010, together with changes in gender roles and duties in the military, has provided important knowledge regarding military disability among women. However, no attempt has been made to examine the situation of women who became disabled during their army service in Israel, a society which sees military service as an important and integral part of social life.…”