Multidimensional pain evaluation scale

Abstract

This study developed a pain evaluation scale and validated it for the Portuguese language.Development of the inventory -308 readily available pain descriptors -were searched in international literature and validated by six judges. One hundred descriptors of acute pain and 100 descriptors of chronic pain were found, which were used in the next stage. Statistical validation -493 health professionals and 146 patients experiencing acute and chronic pain participated in the study. Instructions, pain descriptors and respective definitions, pen and measuring tape were provided to participants. Psychophysical methods were used to establish categories, magnitude and cross-modality matching using line-length. Results revealed the ranking of the most frequently used descriptors of acute and chronic pain, with power equal to 0.99, close to the predicted (one), using line-length estimations. The Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale is thus validated for the Portuguese language. Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación del Dolor (EMEDOR)Los objetivos de este estudio fueron elaborar una escala de evaluación del dolor y validarla para la lengua portuguesa. Elaboración de inventario -fueron investigados 308 descriptores del dolor en la literatura mundial y, a partir de estos, seis jueces realizaron la validación aparente y de contenido. Como resultados fueron encontrados 100 descriptores del dolor agudo y 100 del crónico, los cuales fueron utilizados en la próxima etapa. Validación estadística -participaron 493 profesionales de la salud y 146 portadores de dolor agudo y de crónico. Se usó, como material, instrucciones a los participantes, descriptores de dolor y sus definiciones, lápiz y cinta de medir. Fueron utilizados métodos psicofísicos: estimación de categorías, estimación de magnitudes y emparejamiento intermodal con modalidad en largo de líneas. Los resultados muestran escalonamiento de los descriptores de mayor caracterización para el dolor agudo y para el dolor crónico, fue encontrado exponente igual a 0,99, próximo al predicho (uno) al utilizar el largo de líneas y estimativas numéricas. Fue validado para la lengua portuguesa la Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación del Dolor (EMEDOR).Descriptores: Descriptores; Dolor; Dimensión del Dolor.

Acute and chronic pain: a narrative review of the literature

“…In chronic pain stand out the assessment aspects in the following components: psychological, sociocultural, emotional state, personality and behavior changes (gains and losses), family, work and leisure relationships, beliefs, adherence to pharmacological treatment and to other non-pharmacological therapies (33) . Although pain is a subjective phenomenon and the verbal response of the patient is a "golden standard" for the conducts to be adopted regardless the origin of pain, research shows similarities among findings of individuals with different sociocultural and disease history, whether by uni or multidimensional scales.…”

Pain in onco-hematologic patients and its association with analgesia

“…Research tool was made up of three parts: 1) sample characterization with regard to identification, social factors, clinical aspects of the disease and presence or not of pain in the interview day; 2) pain was characterized by means of questions such as possible etiology, when pain had started, pain duration, worsening factors and whether there was interference with routine activities, in addition to the application of NVS 6 , EMADOR 3 and McGill pain questionnaire 9 ; 3) pain control: prescribed analgesics. VNS was used to evaluate pain.…”

“…Then, pain indices and offered analgesia were compared. EMADOR is made up of pain NVS, of acute pain descriptors (10) and chronic pan descriptors (10) and of pain location by patients 3 . McGill pain questionnaire is a tool with four categories, namely: sensory, with mechanical, thermal and spatial pain properties; affective, affective-psychogenic dimension of tension, fear and emotions; evaluative, expresses global pain evaluation; and miscellaneous, a mixture of several factors.…”

“…As acute pain, cancer pain is directly related to tissue injury. Chronic pain is also associated to repetitive nociceptive stimulations which induce several central nervous system (CNS) changes 3 . Painful experience and its interpretation are result of the interrelation of sensory, affective, cognitive, neurovegetative, neuroendocrine and neuroimmunologic components which is expressed due to nociceptive system stimulation or disorder 4 .…”

“…With this aim, the multidimensional pain evaluation scale was developed (EMADOR). EMADOR is made up of NVS, of acute (10) and chronic (10) pain descriptors and of pain location by patients 3 . Nurses play critical role in acute and chronic pain evaluation, especially in cancer patients.…”