Comorbilidad entre abuso/dependencia de drogas y el distrés psicológico en siete países de Latinoamérica y uno del Caribe

Abstract

RESUMEN:Fue realizado estudio multicéntrico en pacientes bajo tratamento por dependencia de alcohol y substancias ilícitas, en ocho países (Brasil, Chile, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Uruguay). El objetivo fue investigar la frecuencia de distrés psicológico, diagnóstico actual de comorbilidades, y disfuncionalidad familiar percibida. Fueron incluídos 1.073 voluntarios adultos, que diligenciaron un cuestionario o fueron entrevistados. El distrés psicológico y la disfuncionalidad familiar fueron evaluados por escalas (Kessler K-10 y APGAR-family). Hombres predominaron en todos los lugares (edades entre 18 y 86). En la mayoría de los sitios, el diagnóstico actual de ansiedad varió entre 30% y 40% y el de depresión entre 20% y 35%. Niveles altos u muy altos de distrés psícológico fueron reportados por más de 70% en Uruguay, Nicaragua, Guatemala y Brasil. La disfuncionalidad familiar severa fue mayor en Panamá 34.7% seguida de los sitios de Nicaragua 20-25%. La prevalencia de distrés psicológico sugiere niveles altos de comorbilidad. DESCRIPTORES:Comorbilidad. Distrés psicológico. Trastornos relacionados con sustancias. Atención en salud mental. COMORBIDITY OF DRUG ABUSE/DEPENDENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN SEVEN COUNTRIES OF LATIN AMERICA AND ONE OF THE CARIBBEANABSTRACT: A multicenter study among patients in treatment for alcohol and illicit drugs abuse were conducted in eight countries (Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay). Our objective was to ascertain the frequency of psychological distress, current diagnosis of comorbidities and perceived familiar dysfunction. It was recruited 1,073 adult volunteers and they filled out a questionnaire or were interviewed. Psychological distress was evaluated through the Kessler's K-10 scale and family dysfunction by the APGAR-family scale. Male individuals predominated at all study sites (age range: 18-86). Current diagnosis of anxiety ranged from 30.0% to 40.0% in most sites. Current diagnosis of depression ranged from 20% to 35% in most sites. High and very high levels of psychological stress were higher than 70% in Uruguay, Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Brazil. Severe family dysfunction was higher in Panamá 34.7% followed by Nicaraguan cities 20-25%. The prevalence of psychological distress suggests higher rates of comorbidity. DESCRIPTORS:Comorbidity. Psychological distress. Substance use-related disorders. Mental health assistance. COMORBIDADE ENTRE ABUSO/DEPENDÊNCIA DE DROGAS E O SOFRIMENTO PSÍQUICO EM SETE PAÍSES DA AMÉRICA LATINA E UM DO CARIBERESUMO: Foi realizado um estudo multicéntrico em pacientes sob tratamento para dependência de álcool e substâncias ilícitas em oito países (Brasil, Chile, Guatemala, Jamaica, Nicarágua, Panamá, Paraguai, Uruguai

The Change in Psychoactive Substance Consumption in Relation to Psychological Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Uruguay

“…Another relevant result was that psychological distress was associated with an increase in the volume of use of the psychoactive substance of choice (i.e., that used the most during the year before the quarantine), and that those who reported daily use of this psychoactive substance, or began to use a new psychoactive substance during the quarantine, exhibited higher levels of psychological distress, when compared to those who did not exhibit these high levels of stress. These findings are consistent with previous reports from Brazil 27 and Uruguay 28 , indicating an association between psychological distress and psychoactive substance consumption. A previous study from our group, conducted years before the COVID-19 outbreak, also linked the level of psychological distress to alcohol-related consequences in Uruguayan youth 23 .…”

Common Mental Disorder Among Alcohol and Drug Abusers: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In Latin American countries, anxiety and depression range in this population, with records of 48.5%/42.4% in Brazil, 44.9%/28% in Chile, and 59.8%/3.8% in Uruguay. 10 At the same time, in the same country, high prevalence of CMD is found in the general population, in different geographic areas, and with significant differences. The Central region of Brazil showed the lowest percentage found in this population (31.47%), followed by the Southeast region (51.9% to 53.3%), the South region (57.7%), and the Northeast region (64.3%), with the highest probability.…”

“…Countries such as Brazil, England, Greece, South Africa, and other countries from Latin America and the Caribbean, found relevant associations regarding the coexistence of CMD and drug abuse. 3,[7][8][9][10] The fact that CMD show a high prevalence in the worldwide population indicates the need for further studies, especially to evaluate the probability of CMD associated with the use of licit and illicit psychoactive substances, thus favoring public knowledge and the development of health policies with a focus on the subject in question. [8][9]11 Therefore, the objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of the probability of CMD among abusers of alcohol and other drugs.…”

Transtornos psiquiátricos menores em usuários de substâncias psicoativas

“…Pesquisas apontam que os TPM podem acometer pessoas de todas as regiões do mundo, contudo, constatou-se que a prevalência desses transtornos é maior em grupos populacionais específicos, e entre eles encontram-se os usuários abusivos de SPA (2,7,(14)(15)(16) .…”