“…In soils with poor internal drainage and no topographic gradient, such as Luvisols, water infiltrates vertically until it encounters an impermeable layer, creating a perched water table and waterlogging. This phenomenon has been widely documented, particularly in the context of pipe drainage networks, in the Netherlands (Bouma, 1981; van Lanen et al., 1992), in the alluvial terraces of the Garonne River in southwestern France (Bernot, 1961; Bouzigues & Vinas, 1989; Bouzigues et al., 1998; Concaret, 1981; Favrot et al., 1992; Guiresse & Bourgeat, 1991; Michel & Tessier, 2003; Tessier et al., 1992; Zimmer et al., 1991) or in Germany (Salvador et al., 2011; Hartmann et al., 2012). Waterlogging also occurs downslope of watercourses due to rising groundwater levels, which can cause more or less permanent waterlogging depending on groundwater fluctuations (Legros, 2007).…”