Energy flow in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) production systems

Silva, Adilson Nunes da; Romanelli, Thiago Libório; Reichardt, Klaus

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162010000600018

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For oil crops (Table 3), castor bean grown in a low production technology system showed the lowest value for energy per area, but it also has a small yield with energy embodied per production and per oil higher than others (Silva et al, 2010). Palm oil showed the lowest value of energy embodied per mass of product and oil because it has the highest production per area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy embodiment in Brazilian agriculture: an overview of 23 crops

Veiga

Romanelli

Gimenez

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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The amount of energy required to produce a commodity or to supply a service varies from one production system to another and consequently giving rise to differing levels of environmental efficiency. Moreover, since energy prices have been continuously increasing over time, this energy amount may be a factor that has economic worth. Biomass production has a variety of end-products such as food, energy, and fiber; thus, taking into account the similarity in end-product of different crops (e.g.: sunflower, peanuts, or soybean for oil) it is possible to evaluate which crops require less energy per functional unit, such as starch, oil, and protein.This information can be used in decision-making about policies for food safety or bioenergy. In this study, 23 crops were evaluated allowing for a comparison in terms of energy embodied per functional unit. Crops were grouped as follows: starch, oil, horticultural, perennial and fiber, to provide for a deeper analysis of alternatives for the groups, and subsidize further studies comparing conventional and alternative production systems such as organic or genetically modified organisms, in terms of energy. The best energy balance observed was whole sugarcane (juice, bagasse and straw) with a surplus of 268 GJ ha −1 yr −1; palm shows the highest energy return on investment with a ratio of approximately 30:1. For carbohydrates and protein production, cassava and soybean, respectively, emerged as the crops offering the greatest energy savings in the production of these functional foods.Keywords: EROI, starch, oil, fertilizer, fiber, energy balance requirements by Brazilian agriculture is important to an evaluation of its sustainability. Based on this view, this study aimed to evaluate the energy embodied in 23 crops and assess how much energy is used in their production as well as the energy return, in order to direct subsidies in accordance with an environmental friendly and energy-saving policy that will secure the food supply in Brazil. Materials and MethodsEnergy flows of the following 23 crops were assessed: maize; wheat, cassava, potato, rice, bean, soybean (produced in two Brazilian regions: system 1 in the state of Paraná and system 2 in the state of Mato Grosso), peanut, sunflower, castor bean (comparing two systems, system 1 using low-level technology and system 2 a higher level of machinery and technology; and a third group comprising palm, lettuce, banana, onion, carrot, cucumber, bell pepper, tomato, cotton, eucalyptus, citrus, coffee and sugarcane. For this group, three scenarios of energy output flow (EOF) were developed: the first considering the production of juice only, the second juice plus bagasse, and third juice, bagasse and straw as output.From the utilisation point of view, there are basically two types of material flow: i) inputs applied directly, such as limestone, fertilizers, seeds and other chemicals used that carry with them amounts of energy for the production process and are currently in use in the fields; and ii) inputs applied indirec...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Castor bean data were obtained from Silva et al (2010) and soybean data from Romanelli et al (2012a). Fuel consumption was estimated using the fuel consumption factor tested by Romanelli and Milan (2012b) for tractors and selfpropelled machinery (Equation 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy embodiment in Brazilian agriculture: an overview of 23 crops

Veiga

Romanelli

Gimenez

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

Self Cite

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“…These indicators are determined through the energy input (EIF) and output (EOF) flows. For the EB to be determined (Equation 3), the energy input flow (EIF) is subtracted from the output flow (EOF), resulting in the net gain per area (ROMANELLI & MILAN, 2010b;SILVA et al, 2010).…”

Section: Energy Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

2012

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ABSTRACT:As the requirement for agriculture to be environmentally suitable there is a necessity to adopt indicators and methodologies approaching sustainability. In Brazil, biodiesel addition into diesel is mandatory and soybean oil is its main source. The material embodiment determines the convergence of inputs into the crop. Moreover, the material flows are necessary for any environmental analysis. This study evaluated distinct production scenarios, and also conventional versus GMO crops, through the material embodiment and energy analysis. GMO crops demanded less indirectly applied inputs. The energy balance showed linearity with yield, whereas for EROI, the increases in input and yield were not affected.

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“…Silva et al (2010) salientam que, embora a mamona não participe efetivamente do programa brasileiro de biocombustíveis, e que seu uso principal não esteja direcionado para a produção de energia, estudos sobre esta oleaginosa fornecem subsídios para a avaliação energética de outras culturas.…”

Section: Key-wordsunclassified

Impacto energético da irrigação por gotejamento no cultivo de mamona

Jordan

Gomes

Biscaro

et al. 2012

Pesqui. Agropecu. Trop.

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A irrigação é uma técnica com alto potencial para aumentar a produtividade de culturas, entretanto, deve-se avaliar a eficiência energética da agricultura irrigada. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da irrigação na produtividade de grãos e no balanço energético de duas cultivares de mamona, submetidas à irrigação suplementar por gotejamento, com diferentes lâminas de água. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Dourados (MS), em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, com textura argilosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema bifatorial, com cinco lâminas de água (0%, 25%, 50%, 100% e 150% da evapotranspiração para irrigação localizada) e duas cultivares de mamona (IAC 2028 e IAC 80), com quatro repetições. O turno de rega foi pré-determinado em até duas irrigações semanais, excetuando-se os dias em que ocorreu precipitação pluviométrica. Foram avaliadas a produtividade da cultura e a relação energia produzida na forma de grãos/energia empregada no cultivo. Concluiu-se que a irrigação suplementar proporcionou incremento na produtividade, bem como na relação entre a quantidade de energia extraída e energia empregada.

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Energy flow in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) production systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

Energy embodiment in Brazilian agriculture: an overview of 23 crops

Energy embodiment in Brazilian agriculture: an overview of 23 crops

Material embodiment and energy flows as efficiency indicators of soybean (Glycine max) production in Brazil

Impacto energético da irrigação por gotejamento no cultivo de mamona

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