Morphogenetic responses of embryo culture of wheat related to environment culture conditions of the explant donor plant

Abstract

Availability of immature embryos as explants to establish wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by tissue culture can be limited by climatic factors and the lack of high quality embryos frequently hampers experimentation. This study evaluates the effects of rainfall, various temperature-based variables and sunshine duration on tissue culture response (TCR) traits including callus formation (CF), regenerating calli (RC), and number of plants per embryo (PPE) for 96 wheat genotypes of worldwide origin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the significance of a particular climatic factor on TCR traits and to determine the period of wheat growth during which these factors were the most effective. The genotypes were grown in an experimental field during three seasons differing in meteorological conditions. The relationships between TCR traits and climatic factors within three time periods of wheat growth: 2, 6 and 10 weeks prior to embryo sampling were analysed by biplot analysis. The tissue culture traits were influenced at very different degrees by climatic factors: from 16.8% (RC) to 69.8% (CF). Donor plant environment with high temperatures and low rainfalls reduced (p < 0.05) the tissue culture performance of wheat genotypes. Callus formation was most sensitive to the temperature based factors. The environmental conditions between flowering and the medium milk stage were the most important for CF, while RC and PPE were not particularly related to any period. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., biplot, correlation analysis, environment variable, growth periodRespostas morfogenéticas de embriões de trigo em função do ambiente de cultivo da planta doadora de explantes RESUMO: A disponibilidade de embriões imaturos para estabelecer plantas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) por cultura de tecido pode ser limitada por fatores climáticos, e a falta de embriões de alta qualidade frequentemente dificulta a experimentação. Avaliou-se o efeito da chuva, de variáveis baseadas em temperatura e duração do brilho solar na resposta da cultura de tecido (RCT), incluindo a formação de calos (FC), regeneração dos calos (RC) e número de plantas por embrião (NPPE), para 96 genótipos de trigo. Os objetivos foram a procura de algum fator climatico específico em alguma característica da RCT e a determinação do período do desenvolvimento do trigo no qual estes fatores são mais eficazes. Os genótipos foram obtidos num campo experimental durante três estações climáticas. As relações entre as características da RTC e os fatores de clima dentro de três períodos de desenvolvimento do trigo (2, 6 e 10 semanas) antes da amostragem dos embriões foram analisadas pela técnica "biplot". As características das culturas de tecido foram influenciadas em diferentes graus pelos fatores climáticos: de 16.8% (RC) para 69.8% (FC). Ambientes da planta doadora com alta temperatura e pouca chuva reduziram (p < 0.05) o desempenho dos genótipos de trigo. A FC foi mais sensível aos fatores baseados em temperatura. As condições ambientais entre o florescime...

Establishment of efficient in vitro culture protocol for wheat land races of Pakistan

“…Earlier studies also confirmed these as the most widelyused explants being highly regenerative under in vitro conditions (Benkirane et al, 2000;Li et al, 2003;Haliloglu et al, 2005). Different attempts in the past to replace immature embryos with other explant sources have shown that all except immature embryos had a lower regeneration potential of calli derived from alternative explants than those obtained from immature embryos (Dodig et al, 2010). Callus induction and regeneration in this study have proved to be genotypedependent and strongly influenced by the components of the medium used.…”

Morphogenetic Responses of Wheat Immature Embryo Culture Depending on Growing Conditions of Donor Plants

“…However, the effects of genotype as well as interaction of the factors were about the same as in this experiment. Further test of the influence of climatic factors on the immature embryo culture potential of the same varieties showed that the lack of rainfall and high temperatures especially in the period between flowering and medium milk stage decreased tissue culture traits of most genotypes (Dodig et al, 2010). Moreover, callus induction and proliferation were the most sensitive to a temperature factor.…”

The characterization of wheat genotypes for salinity tolerance using morpho-physiological indices under hydroponic conditions

“…This makes the circumstance disturbing and it represents a danger of deficiency of food. Recently, much consideration is given to wheat improvement by joining both new and traditional crop breeding approaches along with advances in management practices to cope with salinity problem ( Dodig et al, 2010 , Gosal et al, 2009 ). Improvement through conventional breeding requires the exploitation of the existing genetic variation in the wheat crop for salt tolerance.…”