Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: the importance of agriculture and livestock

Cerri, Carlos Clemente; Maia, Stoécio Malta Ferreira; Galdos, Marcelo Valadares; Feigl, Brigitte Josefine; Bernoux, Martial

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162009000600017

Cited by 127 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, our estimates for agriculture and livestock are larger than Government figures, and this difference is because in our understanding, biofuels are directly related to the agriculture rather than the energy sector. Our results represent a reduction of 8.8 to 22.0 % in relation to the total national GHG emissions calculated for 2005 by Cerri et al (2009).…”

Section: Total Mitigation Potential For Brazilmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Grazing animals' contribution is 46% of the sub-sector, 34% of which is from non-dairy cattle. Cerri et al (2009) showed that the emission due to enteric fermentation increased by 26.1% in 2005 in relation to 1994, and represented 12% of the total Brazilian GHG emissions. At the global level, Brazilian cattle are also of prime importance.…”

Section: Mitigation Potential For the Livestock Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emissions from manure management calculated here correspond to the total of emissions reported under the categories "Manure management" and "Agricultural soils" subcategories (under the item "Grazing Animals") used in the BINC and Cerri et al (2009). Concerning the forecasted evolution of the number of animals in Brazil, the NPCC (Brasil, 2008a) did not propose or review scenarios.…”

Section: Mitigation Potential For the Livestock Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There exists a positive correlation between the maintenance of sugarcane trash and the increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) content, influenced by time since adoption of the unburned harvest, soil texture and soil disturbance (Cerri et al, 2004;Galdos et al, 2009). Cerri et al (2009) reviewed published comparisons of soil carbon stocks between burned and unburned areas. The average annual increase in soil carbon stocks down to 30 cm was 1.5 Mg C ha -1 .…”

Section: Sugarcane Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data for the 1990-1994 period were reported in Brazil's Initial National Communication and were recently updated for 2000 and 2005 by Cerri et al (2009). The authors calculated that the top four contributors in Brazil in 2005 were responsible for 90% of the total emitted in CO 2 -equivalent (CO 2 -eq) from all sectors considering CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture

Cerri¹,

Bernoux

Maia³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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National inventories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (implementation of the National Communications) are organized according to five main sectors, namely: Energy, Industrial Processes, Agriculture, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LUCF) and Waste. The objective of this study was to review and calculate the potential of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in Brazil for the Agricultural and LUCF. The first step consisted in an analysis of Brazilian official and unofficial documents related to climate change and mitigation policies. Secondly, business as usual (BAU) and mitigation scenarios were elaborated for the 2010-2020 timeframe, and calculations of the corresponding associated GHG emissions and removals were performed. Additionally, two complementary approaches were used to point out and quantify the main mitigation options: a) following the IPCC 1996 guidelines and b) based on EX-ACT. Brazilian authorities announced that the country will target a reduction in its GHG between 36.1 and 38.9% from projected 2020 levels. This is a positive stand that should also be adopted by other developing countries. To reach this government goal, agriculture and livestock sectors must contribute with an emission reduction of 133 to 166 Mt CO 2 -eq. This seems to be reachable when confronted to our mitigation option values, which are in between the range of 178.3 to 445 Mt CO 2 -eq. Government investments on agriculture are necessary to minimize the efforts from the sectors to reach their targets. Key words: IPCC, EX-ACT, emission reduction, carbon fixation Opções de mitigação de gases do efeito estufa na mudança do uso da terra, pecuária e agricultura no Brasil RESUMO: Inventários nacionais acerca de emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE) (refinamentos das Comunicações Nacionais) são organizadas de acordo com cinco principais setores, a saber: Energia, Processos Industriais, Agropecuária, Mudanças do Uso da Terra e Florestas e Tratamento de Resíduos. O objetivo dessa revisão foi calcular o potencial das estratégias de mitigação de GEE no Brasil para agropecuária e mudança de uso da terra e florestas. A primeira etapa consistiu na análise de documentos oficiais e não-oficiais do Brasil relacionados a mudanças climáticas e políticas de mitigação. O cenário atual, sem adoção de ações mitigadoras (BAU), e os cenários de mitigação foram elaborados para o período 2010-2020. Efetuaram-se os cálculos associados às emissões e remoções de GEE. Adicionalmente, duas estratégias foram utilizadas para destacar e quantificar as principais opções de mitigação: a) seguindo metodologia do IPCC 1996 e b) baseando-se no EX-ACT. Autoridades brasileiras anunciaram que o país buscará reduzir sua taxa de emissão de GEE em 36.1 a 38.9% em relação a 2020. Este é um posicionamento positivo que deve ser adotado por outros países em desenvolvimento. Para alcançar essa meta governamental, os setores agricultura e pecuária devem contribuir reduzindo a emissão em 133 a 166 Mt CO 2 -eq. Tal redução parece ser atingível quando confr...

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Section: Total Mitigation Potential For Brazilmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Mitigation Potential For the Livestock Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigation Potential For the Livestock Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sugarcane Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture

Cerri¹,

Bernoux

Maia³

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Isotopically constrained soil carbon and nitrogen budgets in a soybean field chronosequence in the Brazilian Amazon region

et al. 2016

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The impacts of large‐scale conversion of cattle pastures to cropland on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks are poorly understood in the Amazon region. The objective of this research was to determine whether soybean cultivation on a previously deforested and pastured soil has changed C and N stocks and dynamics. We sampled a chronosequence of soybean fields in 2009 and again in 2013. We hypothesized that detecting statistically significant changes in total soil C and N stocks would be difficult but that fluxes of C and N through the soil would be sufficiently large to significantly decrease the stable isotope ratios of soil organic matter. We observed statistically significant decreases in the 13C and 15N enrichments and C:N ratio. When combined with estimates of crop biomass production, harvest yield, and biological nitrogen fixation, these measurements provided sufficient constraints for C and N budgets to infer modest rates of net change in soil N (+15 to +27 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and soil C (−0.15 to −0.30 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) in the top 10 cm of soil. These results indicate that this intensive soybean cropping system is having minimal impacts on N loss to the environment but likely is a small net source of C to the atmosphere.

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Nitrate and Nitrogen Oxides: Sources, Health Effects and Their Remediation

Hakeem

Ṣābir

Öztürk

et al. 2016

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Increased use of nitrogenous (N) fertilizers in agriculture has significantly altered the global N-cycle because they release nitrogenous gases of environmental concerns. The emission of nitrous oxide (NO) contributes to the global greenhouse gas accumulation and the stratospheric ozone depletion. In addition, it causes nitrate leaching problem deteriorating ground water quality. The nitrate toxicity has been reported in a number of studies showing the health hazards like methemoglobinemia in infants and is a potent cause of cancer. Despite these evident negative environmental as well as health impacts, consumption of N fertilizer cannot be reduced in view of the food security for the teeming growing world population. Various agronomic and genetic modifications have been practiced to tackle this problem. Some agronomic techniques adopted include split application of N, use of slow-release fertilizers, nitrification inhibitors and encouraging the use of organic manure over chemical fertilizers. As a matter of fact, the use of chemical means to remediate nitrate from the environment is very difficult and costly. Particularly, removal of nitrate from water is difficult task because it is chemically non-reactive in dilute aqueous solutions. Hence, the use of biological means for nitrate remediation offers a promising strategy to minimize the ill effects of nitrates and nitrites. One of the important goals to reduce N-fertilizer application can be effectively achieved by choosing N-efficient genotypes. This will ensure the optimum uptake of applied N in a balanced manner and exploring the molecular mechanisms for their uptake as well as metabolism in assimilatory pathways. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the interrelations which exist in the terrestrial ecosystems between the plant type and characteristics of nutrient uptake and analyze the global consumption and demand for fertilizer nitrogen in relation to cereal production, evaluate the various methods used to determine nitrogen use efficincy (NUE), determine NUE for the major cereals grown across large agroclimatic regions, determine the key factors that control NUE, and finally analyze various strategies available to improve the use efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen.

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Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions: the importance of agriculture and livestock

Cited by 127 publications

References 16 publications

Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture

Greenhouse gas mitigation options in Brazil for land-use change, livestock and agriculture

Isotopically constrained soil carbon and nitrogen budgets in a soybean field chronosequence in the Brazilian Amazon region

Nitrate and Nitrogen Oxides: Sources, Health Effects and Their Remediation

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