Suitability of peanut residue as a nitrogen source for a rye cover crop

Balkcom, Kipling S.; Wood, C. W.; Adams, J. F.; Meso, B.

doi:10.1590/s0103-90162007000200012

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Data from the present study corroborate those previously reported in the literature (Mubarak et al, 2002;Balkcom et al, 2004Balkcom et al, , 2007Meso et al, 2007) and suggest that the current Extension recommendations for N credits of 22 to 67 kg N ha -1 following peanut (Caddel et al, 2006;Buntin et al, 2007;Mitchell and Phillips, 2010;Jones et al, 2011;Maguire and Heckendorn, 2011;Wright et al, 2011;VDCR, 2014;Crozier et al, 2016) are overestimated. In addition, not all of the N released from peanut residue would be available to subsequent crops because of N cycling mechanisms, including immobilization and leaching (Knops et al, 2002), particularly on typical peanut-producing sandy soils with low cation exchange capacity.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A laboratory incubation study showed that minimal N from post-harvest peanut residue was available for a subsequent crop on Greenville fi ne sandy loam (Rhodic Kandiudults) and Tift on loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudults) soils (Balkcom et al, 2004). Balkcom et al (2007) found no diff erence in growth or N content of rye (Secale cereale L.) aft er peanut with or without peanut residue on a Dothan sandy loam (fi ne-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage

Mulvaney

Balkcom²,

Wood

et al. 2017

Agronomy Journal

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Residue management is an important aspect of cropping systems. Availability of plant residue N to succeeding crops depends on N mineralization rates. Cooperative Extension currently recommends 22 to 67 kg N ha -1 credit to subsequent crops following peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), but these recommendations are not supported in the literature, nor do they specify if the credit is applied to a subsequent winter or spring crop. Th e objective of this study was to assess N release rates from residues of three peanut cultivars (NC V-11, GA 02-C, and ANorden) at two placements (surface and 10-cm deep) and two locations representing northern and southern extremes of U.S. commercial peanut production (North Carolina and Alabama). Litterbags containing the equivalent of 3.5 Mg ha -1 were placed in a completely randomized design at both locations with four replications and retrieved periodically up to 335 d aft er application. Results were fi t to single or double exponential decay models. Based on empirical models, the N credit to a subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was estimated at 14 to 19 kg N ha -1 when peanut residues were buried aft er harvest, and 19 to 24 kg N ha -1 when on the soil surface. When N credits were applied to a subsequent cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop, they were reduced to 2 to 9 kg N ha -1 (buried) and 6 to 10 kg N ha -1 (surface). Current recommendations are higher than the results obtained in this study suggest and warrant re-examination.

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Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationsupporting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage

Mulvaney

Balkcom²,

Wood

et al. 2017

Agronomy Journal

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“…Although peanut is an N-fixing legume, previous research suggests that peanut residue is an insignificant source of N to subsequent crops in similar soils (Balkcom et al 2004(Balkcom et al , 2007 indicating that soil N accretion is most likely due to N fixation by winter pea. We use the net soil N increase to estimate belowground biomass C production based on the following four assumptions: (1) N is accreted as soil organic N, (2) the only sources of soil organic matter are from decomposition of poultry litter and crop biomass, (3) ) of belowground crop biomass production, and a total C input from crop biomass to be approximately 55,000 kg ha -1 (49,115 lb ac -1 ) for a net estimated soil C accretion efficiency of about 33%.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of conservation practices on soil carbon and nitrogen accretion and crop yield in a corn production system in the southeastern coastal plain, United States

Strickland¹,

Scully²,

Hubbard³

et al. 2015

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Abstract:Although conservation tillage is widely believed to be an agricultural management practice effective for increasing soil carbon (C) accretion and associated soil quality, there is limited research to determine whether conservation tillage increases net C accretion versus simply altering the distribution of C content by soil depth. We implemented conservation farming practices (winter cover cropping plus strip tillage) for a nonirrigated corn (Zea mays L.) production system in the southeastern coastal plain of Georgia, United States, that had been previously managed under a conventional plow and harrow tillage regime. Total soil C and nitrogen (N) were measured on samples collected from 0 to 65 cm (0 to 25.6 in) at 57 sites before and after five years under conservation farming practices. Crop yield, winter and summer aboveground crop biomass production, and biomass C and N content were also measured annually at each site. Soil C increased an average of 20 Mg ha -1 (8.9 tn ac -1

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“…() found that corn ( Zea mays L.) and seed cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) yields in North Carolina were not affected by rotations with peanut under conventional and conservation tillage. In Alabama, removal of peanut residues after harvest did not affect seed cotton yields or rye ( Secale cereale L.) biomass accumulation (Balkcom, Wood, Adams, & Meso, ; Meso et al., ). While these studies suggest negligible N contributions from peanut residues to subsequent crops, they do not address possible reasons for the lack of crop response to peanut in the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peanut residues supply minimal plant‐available nitrogen on a major soil series in the USA peanut basin

Jani

Mulvaney

Balkcom

et al. 2019

Soil Use and Management

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Field observations have shown that a substantial portion of peanut leaves abscise in windrows during pod curing, leading to an uneven distribution of leaves and stems when intact residues are spread during harvest. Possible differences in nitrogen (N) mineralization rates between peanut leaf and stem residues may lead to spatial and temporal variability in available N during subsequent crops. The objective of this study was to quantify N mineralization in soil amended with different peanut residue components under simulated conventional and conservation tillage practices. A 252‐day microlysimeter incubation was conducted in which peanut leaves, stems and a 1:1 mixture of leaves:stems from three varieties were incorporated or placed on the soil surface to simulate conventional or conservation tillage, respectively. Soils were periodically leached to assess N mineralization compared with a soil‐only control. Nitrogen mineralization was only affected by residue component. Averaged over variety and residue placement, soil amended with leaves mineralized 10% more N relative to the control or soil containing stems. It was estimated that leaves supplied 25 kg N ha−1 over 252 days at 0–15 cm soil depth, which would likely be insufficient to induce a yield response by a subsequent crop. This study suggests that uneven distribution of peanut leaf and stem residues following harvest causes only minor spatial and temporal variability in available N during subsequent crop growth. These results support the growing body of evidence indicating that peanut residue N contributions to subsequent crops are negligible in the peanut basin of the south‐eastern USA.

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Suitability of peanut residue as a nitrogen source for a rye cover crop

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage

Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage

Effect of conservation practices on soil carbon and nitrogen accretion and crop yield in a corn production system in the southeastern coastal plain, United States

Peanut residues supply minimal plant‐available nitrogen on a major soil series in the USA peanut basin

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