Avaliação do método de triagem para análise de milho contaminado com aflatoxinas pela fluorescência amarelo-esverdeada brilhante (BGYF- Bright Greenish Yellow Fluorescence)

Palomino, M E T; Fonseca, Homero; Glória, Eduardo Micotti da; Calori‐Domingues, Maria Antonia; Marques, Christiane de Fátima da Silva

doi:10.1590/s0103-90161998000300020

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Comparisons were carried out with ELISA and TLC methods for AFB 1 in samples of corn, feed and peanut (106) and for AFs, OTA and ZEA in corn and corn meal (63); two TLC methods for OTA in green coffee (66); and TLC and HPLC methods for AFM 1 in milk (116) and for FB S in corn (80). Screening methods for AFs in corn and peanut were also evaluated (44,83,119). A sampling scheme was proposed for AF analysis in grains (29) and anomalous recoveries of AF from peanut and Brazil nuts measured by ELISA was reported (26).…”

Section: Analytical and Mycological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin research in Brazil: the last decade in review

Rodriguez–Amaya

Sabino

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The number of research papers (128 papers) on mycotoxins published by Brazilian researchers in 1991-2000 surpassed the total number (85 papers) published in the preceding three decades . Thirty percent of the papers surveyed mycotoxins in foods and feeds. AFs in peanut and peanut products continued to be alarming, and high incidence and levels of FBs in corn and corn products also appeared as a serious problem. Contamination with other toxins, such as ZEA, OTA and trichothecenes, was low. Occurrence of AFM 1 in milk and dairy products and patulin in apple juice needs to be verified as the results are somewhat diverging. Work on analytical methods, mycological examination and toxic effects constituted 16, 13 and 13%, respectively, of the published papers in the decade assessed. Attempts to find means of preventing/controlling fungal growth and mycotoxin production notably increased, making up 27% of the papers, including investigations on influencing factors (e.g. genotype resistance, water content/a w , relative humidity, temperature, presence of metals, type of soil, mite infestation) and antagonistic potential of other microorganisms against mycotoxin-producing fungi. Effects of plant extract, flavonoids, fungicides and other chemicals, storage bag material, adsorbents, cooking and processing of food were also studied. Thus, notwithstanding constraints on resources, Brazilian research responds to the needs of the country, reflects international concerns and recent developments in the area.

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Section: Analytical and Mycological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin research in Brazil: the last decade in review

Rodriguez–Amaya

Sabino

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…The bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) was related as an efficient method for grain and nuts decontamination (Shotwell at al., 1975;Pearson et al, 2001), and it has been used by industries for sorting contaminated grains (Palomino et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Physical and Optical Methods for In-shell Brazil Nuts Sorting and Aflatoxin Reduction

Mello

Scussel

2009

JAS

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Physical methods for mechanically in-shell Brazil nut sorting by color, size, density and inner deterioration were developed to assess nut quality and reduce aflatoxin contamination. Nuts were able to be sorted by color utilizing the standard shell chromaticity components L*, a* and b* at ranges of 31.51 to 48.64, 4.09 to 10.07 and 11.90 to 22.95, respectively. It produced a homogeneous color batch and segregated the off-standard ones (darkest, lightest and stained). By size sorting utilizing three oval sectioned trays with the following dimensions 40x25, 35x23 and 20x19.5 mm [length x width] and vibration, nuts were sorted into three sizes Groups: I, II and III for large, medium and small, respectively. Through density sorting the light nuts (shell/nut <1.5) which have inner mass reduction by fungi growth and/or dehydration, were separated with two compressed air streams from the healthy ones. Utilizing near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry, the nuts inner deterioration was detected, with no need of de-shelling them at the wavelength range of 2200 to 2500 nm. Any nut measurement detected, lower or higher than those sorting settings, was considered off-standard and rejected. Pools of the final standard and off-standard nuts were analyzed for aflatoxins by LC-MS/MS. No toxin was detected in the final standard batch up to the method LOQ (0.08, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.12 μg/kg for AFB 1 ,AFB 2 , AFG 1 , AFG 2 , respectively). On the other hand, the off-standard rejected batch had 16.4 μg/kg of AFB 1 . These methods are important tools for building an in-shell Brazil nut sorting machine to assess nut quality and reduce aflatoxin contamination.

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“…Some studies have identified defects in nuts and grains by measuring their color alteration, some caused by fungi – . Apart from color, another way of sorting deterioration in nuts (pistachio, peanuts, cashew nuts, almonds, and macadamia) and grains (corn, soybean, and wheat) is by detecting toxin fluorescence – and also by detecting the bright greenish yellow fluorescence, a fluorescence produced by kojic acid from fungi in the kernel ,,– . However, the latest and very promising method for inner nut and grain deterioration detection is by near infrared (NIR) spectrophotometry ,,, .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of In-Shell Brazil Nuts and Their Relationship to Aflatoxin Contamination: Criteria for Sorting

Mello

Scussel

2007

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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External characteristics of in-shell Brazil nuts were evaluated for dimensions (length and face width), weight, chromaticity, and shell thickness. The internal characteristics evaluated were moisture content (mc), aflatoxin contamination (analyzed by LC-MS/MS), and shell/nut ratio. According to their length, Brazil nuts were classified in three groups: I, II, and III, corresponding to large, medium, and small sizes, respectively. It was possible to establish the following parameters as standards for normal/healthy nuts: length (53.2, 43.9, and 36.6 mm), weight (12.9, 8.8, and 6.3 g), and shell chromaticity components (L*, 38.3, 39.5, and 41.6; a*, 8.0, 7.9, and 7.8; and b*, 17.6, 18.0, and 18.7), for the three groups, respectively. The mean of shell thicknesses were 1.92 and 2.68 mm taken from each face and nut top. The nuts, classified as small (Group III), presented aflatoxin B1 contamination at a level of 5.62 microg/kg. The Groups shell/nut ratios were 1.2, 1.2, and 1.3 for normal whole and healthy nuts. No aflatoxin was detected in Groups I and II. The data obtained from the Brazil nut measured characteristics can help to distinguish healthy/safe and deteriorated nuts and will be useful for Brazil nut sorting and machine development.

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Avaliação do método de triagem para análise de milho contaminado com aflatoxinas pela fluorescência amarelo-esverdeada brilhante (BGYF- Bright Greenish Yellow Fluorescence)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Mycotoxin research in Brazil: the last decade in review

Mycotoxin research in Brazil: the last decade in review

Development of Physical and Optical Methods for In-shell Brazil Nuts Sorting and Aflatoxin Reduction

Characteristics of In-Shell Brazil Nuts and Their Relationship to Aflatoxin Contamination: Criteria for Sorting

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