Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) Seed Cake as a Feed Ingredient for Jaraqui (Semaprochilodus insignis) and Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com
IntroductionPassiflora edulis (passion fruit) belongs to the family Passifloraceae and is cultivated commercially in tropical and subtropical areas, mainly for the edible fruit. Brazil stands out as the world's largest producer of passion fruit, producing approximately 9,20,000 tonnes [1]. Locally known as maracujá, passion fruit is rich in vitamin C, calcium and phosphorus. The waste, including the seeds, that represents over 60% of the fruit is usually discarded after extraction of juice from the fruit, and is generally treated as organic waste [2]. An alternative to by-products from passion fruit industrialization would be their use in animal feed. The seeds of passion fruit are rich in fiber, minerals and lipids, with good amount of protein [3][4][5]. Oil is extracted from the seeds as they contain over 23% oil, rich in PUFA. The resultant by-product oilcake can form a useful feed ingredient. The shortage and rising cost of commercial fish meal has prompted researchers to investigate the production of cost effective feed formulations for cultured fish species [6,7]. Several plant protein sources/agricultural by-products have been tested as replacement for fish meal in fish diets [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] with a view to achieve cost reduction in fish production. However, studies with passion fruit seed cake are lacking. Therefore, it was felt worthwhile exploring the suitability of this cheaper nutrient source as a fish feed ingredient.The two test species of fish were selected based on their economic importance. Jaraqui plays an important social role by catering to the needs of low income population in the Amazon, accounting for approximately 50% of fish landings in the port of Manaus [15]. Tambaqui is one of the most popular cultured species in the Amazon, representing almost half of the total fish sold in Manaus [16]. The present study aimed at investigating the feasibility of utilizing passion fruit seed cake as a fish feed ingredient, replacing the fish meal component at different levels.
Materials and MethodsTwo experiments were carried out in the wet laboratory of the Coordination of Research in Aquaculture (CPAQ) of National Institute of Research in the Amzon (INPA), employing jaraqui and tambaqui seed obtained from a local farm in Manaus. The seed were separately acclimated for 15 days in two 1000 L tanks, hand feeding them to satiation with the control diet twice daily. The percentage of feeding was standardized at 4% based on the consumption during the acclimatisation period.
DietsOil extracted passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) seed cake was procured locally; it contained 14.47% protein and 9.89% lipid. Five experimental diets (T 0 -T 5 ) were formulated incorporating 0,
AbstractPassion fruit seed cake was evaluated as a fish feed ingredient at graded levels (0,5,10,15,20%), employing jaraqui and tambaqui fingerli...