Ultrasonographic and ecobiometric findings in the eyes of adult goats

Ribeiro, Alexandre Pinto; Santos, Nailson Lima; Silva, Victor Costa e; Campos, A. R.; Teixeira, Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida; Laus, José Luiz

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782010005000019

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…No significant differences were found between the right and left eyes. Ribeiro et al (16) showed that ocular measurements in the right and left eyes were not significantly different, and the same result was obtained with males and females of adult goats. Studies have demonstrated a dependence of the morphological structure of the corneal parameters on animal species (11,13,14), the habitat of the species (2,12,14) and environmental conditions of animals (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Comparative morphological evaluation of animal corneal parameters

Babrauskienė¹,

Žymantienė²,

Aniulienė³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The purpose of this study was to broaden the basic knowledge of corneal morphological structures in pigs, cows and rabbits and to find morphological and histological differences in the constituent corneal structures. After slaughter, corneal samples of 24 animals, including cows, pigs and rabbits, were investigated. Forty-eight eyeballs (n=48) of 8 pigs, 8 cows and 8 rabbits were used for this study. Central corneal thickness (CCT) values in cows were higher than those in pigs (P < 0.001) and rabbits. In rabbits, CCT, as a percentage of the eye axis length, was 55.03% greater than in cows and 40.55% greater than in pigs (P<0.001). The thickness of substantia propria (stroma) depended on the species and accounted for more than 80% of the thickness of all layers of the cornea. The thickness of the anterior epithelium amounted to 15.81% of the thickness of all layers of the cornea in cows, 11.79% in pigs, and 8.48% in rabbits (P<0.001). The data analysis showed that the caudal limiting membrane + endothelium was the thinnest layer of the cornea, with thickness ranging from 0.88% to 2.40% of the total thickness of all layers of the cornea in the three species under study (P<0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation was determined between the anterior epithelium and substantia propria in corneas of cows, pigs and rabbits (P<0.001). This paper describes the morphometric parameters of the cornea in pigs, cows and rabbits. These parameters will be of use to scientists using animal models in vision science research. .

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Comparative morphological evaluation of animal corneal parameters

Babrauskienė¹,

Žymantienė²,

Aniulienė³

et al. 2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is important to consider the limitations of our study as well as its strengths. We used goat eyes in this study, which are similar to human eyes in general eye size and shape [59]. However, there are also distinct differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretch-Induced Uncrimping of Equatorial Sclera Collagen Bundles

Jan

Lee

Wallace

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Stretch-induced collagen uncrimping underlies the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the sclera according to what is often called the process of recruitment. We recently reported experimental measurements of sclera collagen crimp and pressure-induced uncrimping. Our studies, however, were cross-sectional, providing statistical descriptions of crimp with no information on the effects of stretch on specific collagen bundles. Data on bundle-specific uncrimping is necessary to better understand the effects of macroscale input on the collagen microscale and tissue failure. Our goal in this project was to measure bundle-specific stretch-induced collagen uncrimping of sclera. Three goat eyes were cryosectioned sagittally (30 μm). Samples of equatorial sclera were isolated, mounted to a custom uniaxial stretcher and imaged with polarized light microscopy at various levels of clamp-to-clamp stretch until failure. At each stretch level, local strain was measured using image tracking techniques. The level of collagen crimping was determined from the bundle waviness, defined as the circular standard deviation of fiber orientation along a bundle. Eye-specific recruitment curves were then computed using eye-specific waviness at maximum stretch before sample failure to define fibers as recruited. Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to determine the associations of waviness to local strain and recruitment to clamp-to-clamp stretch. Waviness decreased exponentially with local strain (p<0.001), whereas bundle recruitment followed a sigmoidal curve with clamp-to-clamp stretch (p<0.001). Individual bundle responses to stretch varied substantially, but recruitment curves were similar across sections and eyes. In conclusion, uniaxial stretch caused measurable bundle-specific uncrimping, with the sigmoidal recruitment pattern characteristic of fiber-reinforced soft tissues.

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“…Animals such as rats [61][62][63][64][65], rabbits [20,61,[66][67][68], pigs [69,[70][71][72], mice [26,27,61,73,74], dogs [31,75,-78]), and goats [18,79,80] have been used as in vivo models of infection in previous studies. Alternative methods that are viable and eliminate pain to animals have been encouraged [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ex vivo bovine corneal infection and clearance model for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Ukachukwu

Alany

Snyder

2023

Preprint

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Ocular infections caused by bacterial pathogens may damage the cornea and rapidly progress to permanent blindness. Topical application of an ophthalmic formulation is often used to treat corneal infections. The animal models used in many preclinical studies frequently involve expensive in vivo experiments that compromises the corneal epithelium to mimic real life conditions such as during contact lens wear, but these do not consider other instances where infection occurs in intact corneas such as in ophthalmia neonatorum. To develop an ex vivo model of infection, bovine eyes from human food chain waste were processed and the corneas inoculated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain NCCP 11945, Staphylococcus aureus strain 6571, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 15442 for 1 hour, 4 hours, and 6 hours, respectively. Inoculation included intact bovine corneas and those compromised with scalpel, needle, and blot methods. Recovery of N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa colonies demonstrated that infection of bovine corneas was achieved with intact and compromised corneas using this model. In addition, corneas inoculated with the bacteria were treated with a suitable antibiotic, demonstrating clearance of the bacterial infections with at least 5 log10 reduction. This model is appropriate for both establishing infection and testing the ability of antimicrobial agents to clear bacterial eye infections. The bovine ex vivo model is reliable, cost-effective, suitable for different bacteria species, and reduces the need for further animal exploitation in laboratory research.

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Ultrasonographic and ecobiometric findings in the eyes of adult goats

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative morphological evaluation of animal corneal parameters

Comparative morphological evaluation of animal corneal parameters

Stretch-Induced Uncrimping of Equatorial Sclera Collagen Bundles

A novel ex vivo bovine corneal infection and clearance model for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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