Qualitative and quantitative tear film abnormalities in dogs

Ribeiro, Alexandre Pinto; Brito, Fábio Luiz da Cunha; Martins, Bianca da Costa; Mamede, Fabrício Villela; Laus, José Luiz

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782008000200048

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Embora variações entre diferentes raças possam ocorrer, admite-se que os valores basais relativos à produção lacrimal, da PIO e do DP são similares àqueles descritos na literatura veterinária e não interferiram na interpretação dos resultados (RIBEIRO et al, 2008;DULAURENT et al, 2012;SANTOS et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dessa forma, valores do TLS-1 puderam ser aferidos, ao invés do TLS-2, o qual é bem menos utilizado na rotina clínica (RIBEIRO et al, 2008). Admite-se que a ausência de colírio anestésico não prejudicou a aferição da PIO, pois reportou-se não haver diferença significativa entre os valores desse parâmetro em cães submetidos ou não à anestesia tópica (KIM et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sua deficiência é mais corriqueira em cães e promove sinais de desconforto e danos à superfície ocular (RIBEIRO et al, 2008;WILLIAMS, 2008). A principal causa da CCS é imunomediada, mas a administração de fármacos anti-inflamatórios, sulfonamidas, atropina e anestésicos voláteis reduzem ou até mesmo interrompem a produção lacrimal de maneira irreversível (RIBEIRO et al, 2008). Admitese que agentes opioides possam reduzir a produção lacrimal transitoriamente em cães saudáveis (SANCHEZ et al, 2006;MOUNEY et al, 2011).…”

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Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

et al. 2015

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) in healthy dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive 4mg kg-1 (n=11) and 6mg kg-1 (n=11) of tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly. Tear production (Schirmer tear test, STT-1), IOP (applanation tonometry) and the PD (electronic pachymetry) were assessed before, 30 and 60 minutes after administration of tramadol. Data were compared by analysis of variance for repeated measures (P<0.05). Parameters evaluated before, at 30 and 60min, in dogs treated with 4 and 6mg kg-1, were respectively: (STT-1) 22.50±3.38, 21.14±3.94 and 21.09±2.99mm min-1; and 23.05±3.73,22.64±3.76 and 22.82±3.25mm min-1. (IOP) 18.14±2.68, 17.68±2.59 and 18.23±3.84mmHg; and 19.05±2.27, 18.91±2.74 and 17.64±2.34mmHg. (PD) 6.71±0.65, 7.22±1.42 and 6.90±1.39mm; and 6.25±1.08, 6.80±1.27 and 6.49±0.90mm. All parameters evaluated did not change significantly among time points and dose regimen. Based on the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, tramadol did not affect tear production, IOP and PD in dogs, and could be used as a preoperative analgesic for intraocular surgery and pain control for any cause in patients affected by uveitis, glaucoma and keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

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“…The preocular tear film is composed of three layers: one outermost consisted of lipids produced by the tarsal glands Evaluation of tear production with modified Schirmer tear test-1 during the neonatal period in cats 1 (Meibominas glands), one intermediate aqueous layer secreted by the orbital gland (60%) and by the third eyelid gland (40%), and a deepest one, which consists of hydrated glycoprotein mucin (Ribeiro et al 2008). All components of this trilaminar fluid are essential to maintain ocular health, and when the secretion of one or more layers is impaired, permanent damage to the cornea due to severe keratoconjuntivitis may arise (Ribeiro et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All components of this trilaminar fluid are essential to maintain ocular health, and when the secretion of one or more layers is impaired, permanent damage to the cornea due to severe keratoconjuntivitis may arise (Ribeiro et al 2008). The Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1) was developed by Otto Schirmer one century ago (Williams 2005), and is performed by inserting a special paper strip into the conjunctival fornix for one minute with results reported in millimeters per minute (Ribeiro et al 2008). The STT-2 evaluates basal tear production after topical application of an anesthetic and is of predictive values in animals with corneal ulceration which do not tolerate STT-1 (Ribeiro et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of tear production with modified Schirmer tear test-1 during the neonatal period in cats

et al. 2011

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The study aimed to evaluate tear production by means of modified Schirmer tear tes-1 (mSTT-1) in neonate cats. Likewise, correlation between mSTT-1 and STT-1 was assessed in vitro. Standard SST strips were cut in half and after eye lid opening, tear production of neonates (n=15) was daily measured in both eyes (mSTT-1), until the 7th day, and at day 14, 21, and 28. Animals were daily weighted until 28 days of age. Results were compared statistically (P<0.05). During the first 7 days, the overall mSTT-1 mean was 0.76 wetting/ minute. Significant differences between right and left eyes were not observed at any time point (P=1.00). Tear secretion increased significantly, from the 14 th to 28 th day, in comparison with 7 first days (P<0.05). Positive correlation between maturity parameters and tear secretion was observed (P<0.0001). Distance between slopes of each strip changed significantly (P<0.0001). It was concluded that tear secretion in the neonatal period of cats is very below the reference values described for young and adults of the same species. It is not possible to extrapolate results obtained with mSTT-1 to standard STT-1.

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Computed tomographic‐dacryocystography (CT‐DCG) of the normal canine nasolacrimal drainage system with three‐dimensional reconstruction

Rached

Canola

Schlüter

et al. 2011

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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The aims of the study were (1) to quantify the influence of selected imaging parameters on the image quality (slice thickness, mAs, and beam orientation) defining optimal conditions for scan protocols and (2) to evaluate the benefits of the 3D reconstruction techniques for visualization of NDS structures in dogs. CT-DCG was performed bilaterally in 32 heads of dogs. CT transverse images were obtained using a combination of two slice thickness values (0.8 mm and 2 mm) and two mAs values (50 mAs and 300 mAs). Two beam projection orientations were also tested: transverse plane (perpendicular to the hard palate) and oblique to the hard palate. Three-dimensional images were obtained using Volume Rendering (VR). Transverse beam projection proved to be superior for the assessment of the inferior and superior lacrimal canaliculi and lacrimal sac. In this study, there was no statistical difference regarding mAs values (50 mAs and 300 mAs) and slice thickness values (0.8 mm and 2 mm). Three-dimensional images were helpful for the assessment of topographic relationship between nasolacrimal structures and cranial landmarks.

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Qualitative and quantitative tear film abnormalities in dogs

Abstract: Tear film disorders in dogs can Key words: d o g s , t e a r f i l m , k e r a t o c o n j u n c t i v i t i s s i c c a , lacrimomimetics, lacrimostimulants, immunosuppressors. RESUMO

Cited by 15 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

Effects of tramadol on tear production, intraocular pressure, and pupil size in dogs: clinical study

Evaluation of tear production with modified Schirmer tear test-1 during the neonatal period in cats

Computed tomographic‐dacryocystography (CT‐DCG) of the normal canine nasolacrimal drainage system with three‐dimensional reconstruction

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