Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura de milho em função do arranjo espacial de plantas e características dos genótipos

Balbinot, Alvadi Antônio; Fleck, Nilson Gilberto

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782005000100042

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This short CPWC may be related to environmental conditions. Lower rainfall and temperatures may have favored the crop over the weed community and, as maize is a competitive plant, it grew, causing inter-row shading (BALBINOT JUNIOR;FLECK, 2004). Based on these results, we conclude that the data generated by first crop research do not correspond to those observed for the second crop (even with competition by the same specific community).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…However, at 21 DAE its dry mass surpassed that of the other species present, with a considerable increase that was maintained until 56 DAE ( Table 2). The best-adapted biotypes, or even plant species, are usually more competitive and are capable of increasing their proportion over time, eliminating those individuals that are less fit to occupy a given ecological niche, as was observed for D. nuda (CHRISTOFFOLETI et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Periods of weed interference in maize crops cultivated in the first and second cycles

Campos

Barroso

Silva

et al. 2016

SCA

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The interference of weeds in maize production may be reflected in grain yield losses that vary as a function of the density, stage and degree of aggressiveness of the species present. In the agricultural ecosystem, crops and weeds demand light, water, nutrients and space, which are frequently not available in sufficient quantities, leading to competition. The aim of this work was to determine the period of interference of weed plants, in particular of naked crabgrass (Digitaria nuda) on maize crop in the first and second harvest. The treatments were defined as increasing periods of coexistence and increasing control of weed community (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 days), two more controls, a control including one with weed control until the end of the culture cycle and another with coexistence until the harvest. For each period, were evaluated the stand of maize plants, length of ear, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, cob, 100-grain weight, and grain productivity. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using the F test, with average treatments compared using Tukey's test at 5% probability. Crop productivity was evaluated by means of regressions, the critical periods of interference were estimated. The critical timing of weed removal was 25 days for both harvests. The critical weed free period was 54 and 27 days for the first and second harvest respectively. For the conditions of the first and second harvest, the critical period of weed control was of 29 and 2 days respectively. Key words: Digitaria nuda. Naked crabgrass. Competition. Phytosociology. Weed interference. Zea mays. ResumoA interferência de plantas daninhas no milho pode refletir em perdas na produtividade de grãos que variam em função da densidade, estágio e grau de agressividade das espécies presentes. No ecossistema agrícola, a cultura e planta daninha possuem demandas por luz, água, nutrientes e espaço, que na maioria das vezes, não estão disponíveis em quantidades suficientes, estabelecendo-se a competição. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar o período de interferência de plantas de plantas daninhas em especial do capim-colchão (Digitaria nuda) na cultura do milho na primeira e segunda safra. Os tratamentos foram divididos em períodos crescentes de convivência e de controle da comunidade infestante (7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49 e 56 dias), mais duas testemunhas, uma com controle até o fim do ciclo da cultura e outra com convivência até a colheita. Para cada período foram avaliadas o estande de plantas de milho, comprimento das espigas, número de grãos por fileiras, número de fileiras por espiga, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Periods of weed interference in maize crops cultivated in the first and second cycles

Campos

Barroso

Silva

et al. 2016

SCA

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“…When plants have a more uniform distribution, the competition between them for water, light, and nutrients is reduced. Narrow rows allow plants to occupy the available space more quickly, reducing the critical period when weed species and corn plant compete for nutrients and light (Balbinot Junior and Fleck, 2004). Although a large number of studies can be found relating to the effect of plant arrangement on forage and grain yield, few studies have evaluated the changes in chemical composition of silages in relation to plant arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn plant arrangement and its effect on silage quality

et al. 2014

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-This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of the row spacing between corn plants on silage quality. Different spacing between corn rows (40, 60, and 80 cm) was used, but the population of plants was maintained around 65,000/ha in all treatments. Analysis of variance was carried out and means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% of probability. A reduction in row spacing provided better spatial distribution of plants, but did not alter morphological composition or dry matter production. The corn with most equidistant spatial distribution (lowest row spacing) showed an increase in lignin concentration, neutral detergent fiber, and total carbohydrates, and showed a decrease in total digestible nutrients when compared with 80 cm row spacing. However, the organic digestibility matter was not affected by the treatments. The content and quality of protein were higher for 80 cm row spacing compared with the other levels; also, protein content was reduced as the spacing between rows became smaller. The only mineral affected was calcium, which had the lowest value at higher levels of spacing. Although differences were detected for many variables, the most appropriate spacing between rows should also take into account economic and practical aspects when choosing the best plant arrangement.

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“…Researches conducted with rice (BALBINOT JR. et al, 2003a;BALBINOT JR. et al, 2003b), wheat (LEMERLE et al, 2001), maize (BEGNA et al, 2001.;FLECK, 2005) and soybean (FLECK, VERBEEK;ORCHARD, 2007) indicate that the growth rate is the key factor to increase crop competitiveness with weeds. The early establishment of plants confers advantage in the use of environmental resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds

et al. 2013

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The morpho-physiologic characteristics of common bean plants can affect their competitive ability with weeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean genotypes with weeds. An experiment was carried out in the 2010/ 11 cropping season in Papanduva, SC, southern Brazil, in order to verify the variability of some plant characteristics among genotypes of common bean. The randomized block design was used, with four replications. Seven cultivars underwent the treatments: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. At 6, 14, 18, 25 and 32 days after emergence (DAE) were evaluated plant height, ground cover by common bean plants, dry biomass of stems and leaves, and grain yield. In the 2011/12 cropping season the same cultivars were grown in the presence or absence of weeds, adopting similar methodology to the 2010/11. The losses of grain yield in black common bean genotypes due to weed interference ranged from 30.8% to 54.9%. There was a positive correlation between yield reduction promoted by the weed infestation and dry biomass produced by the weeds. In addition, there was a positive correlation between percentage of yield reduction due to the weed infestation and grain yield without weed interference. The characteristics evaluated did not estimate the competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds. Index terms:Phaseolus vulgaris, weed interference, grain yield. RESUMOAs características morfofisiológicas de plantas de feijão podem afetar a habilidade competitiva com plantas daninhas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a competitividade de genótipos de feijão do grupo "Preto" com plantas daninhas. Inicialmente, foi conduzido um experimento na safra 2010/11 em Papanduva, SC, para verificar a variabilidade entre genótipos de feijão-preto quanto a algumas características da planta. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos seguintes genótipos: BRS Campeiro, CHP 01-238, CHP 01-239, Diamante Negro, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, IPR Uirapuru, FTS Soberano, IPR Graúna, IPR Tiziu e IAC Diplomata. Aos 6, 14, 18, 25 e 32 dias após a emergência (DAE) foram determinadas altura das plantas, cobertura do solo pelas plantas de feijão, massa seca de hastes e folhas e, ao final do ciclo, a produtividade dos grãos. Na safra 2011/12, os mesmos genótipos foram avaliados na presença ou ausência de plantas daninhas, adotando metodologia similar à da safra 2010/11. As perdas de produtividade de grãos dos genótipos de feijão avaliados, em razão da interferência de plantas daninhas, variaram de 30,8 a 54,9%. Houve correlação positiva entre porcentagem de redução de produtividade em razão da infestação e a massa seca acumulada pelas plantas daninhas. Também houve correlação positiva entre porcentagem de redução de produtividade em função da interferência de plantas daninhas e a produtividade sem ...

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Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura de milho em função do arranjo espacial de plantas e características dos genótipos

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Periods of weed interference in maize crops cultivated in the first and second cycles

Periods of weed interference in maize crops cultivated in the first and second cycles

Corn plant arrangement and its effect on silage quality

Competitive ability of black common bean genotypes with weeds

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