Intoxicação experimental por gentamicina em cães

Abstract

A toxicose experimental por gentamicina foi estudada em 11 cães. Dez cães receberam 10mg/kg de gentamicina por via intramuscular, 3 vezes ao dia, durante 14 dias. Outro cão recebeu a mesma dose por 10 dias. Os cães foram submetidos à eutanásia e necropsiados no 11°, 15°-19°, 21°, 27° e 37° dias do experimento. Os principais sinais clínicos foram anorexia, apatia, poliuria, polidipsia, diarréia, vômito e oligúria. Os achados laboratoriais foram enzimúria, cilindrúria, azotemia e isostenúria. As lesões macroscópicas eram restritas aos rins, que estavam acentuadamente pálidos, tumefeitos e macios. Dois cães desenvolveram edema perirrenal discreto. Ao exame histológico do rim, dez cães tinham necrose tóxica aguda restrita aos túbulos contorcidos proximais. Regeneração das células epiteliais desses túbulos foi observada nos rins de todos os cães, principalmente na cortical externa, variando de mínima a acentuada e associada a dilatação acentuada da luz tubular. Aos 37 dias os rins apresentavam-se morfologicamente recuperados. Não foram observadas lesões glomerulares, nem lesões extra-renais de uremia. Concluiu-se que a gentamicina, na dose e frequência administradas, foi tóxica para todos os cães, causando necrose tubular renal aguda com subsequentes graus variados de regeneração tubular.

Administration of gentamicin induced hematobiochemical and renal morphological alterations in Swiss albino mice

“…In the present study, soft with brownish colored kidney was found in treated group (5 mg/kg for 30 days and 10 mg/kg for 30 days). Intramuscular administration of 10 mg gentamicin/ kg in 10 dogs, 3 times a day for 14 days, showed paled and soft kidney (Dantas et al, 1997) which is similar to the findings of the present study. For histological study, mice treated with gentamicin with high doses for long term showed progressive tubular, glomerular and interstitial alterations.…”

“…Similar findings were observed by Dantas et al (1997) and Aguiar et al (1997) when 10 dogs received gentamicin 10 mg/kg intramuscular (IM) 3 times a day for 14 days. However, they also found diarrhea and vomiting following administration of gentamicin in dog.…”

Laboratory changes inherent to acute kidney injury induced by aminoglycosides in wistar rats

“…However, in the last days to the experiment (up to the eighth day), Genta group animals exhibited the highest average water consumption compared to animals belonging to same group in the first euthanasia moment, but equal to the Control group for the same period (Figure 3). After the fifth day, the Genta group presented polydipsia, as also reported by Dantas et al (23) and Melchert et al (28) .…”

“…is the interaction between the Genta group and death on day 5; number 3 is the interaction between death on day 5 and the Deh+Genta group and numbers 4, 5 and 6 refer to the interaction between death on day 8 and the Control, Genta and Deh+Genta groups. The urinary GGT levels in dogs reported by Dantas et al (23) and Melchert et al (28) indicated that GGT is a good early marker for acute tubular lesions, as this enzyme increased in urine three days after inducing AKI. Other more reliable biomarkers for the early detection of acute tubular lesions have been evaluated, based on increased urine levels within two days of AKI induction (24) .…”

“…Aminoglycosides gradually accumulate in lysosomes and induce morphological changes (15) . Acute toxic tubular necrosis is observed in histopathological findings, ranging from diffuse to multifocal, affecting the external cortical region to the corticomedullary region, characterized as proteinosis and multifocal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates (23) . Since the nephrotoxicity mechanism is due to the accumulation of the drug in the contorted proximal tubule, the use of a single dose and a short treatment period are required to reduce risks.…”