Stigmas related to Covid-19 and their prevention

Abstract

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus belonging to the Nidovirales, Coronaviridae family, which was first reported in humans in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in 2019 (WHO, 2020a). Because it causes respiratory disease of an infectious nature that requires social distancing and other preventive measures, people who have been affected by the disease have been the target of social stigma.Covid-19 was attested as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, and the most affected countries are the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. In Brazil, it is estimated that 8,697,368 people have already contracted the new coronavirus, with 59,119 people having the number of new cases of the disease, which results in a total of 214,147 deaths as of January 21, 2021 (BRASIL, 2021). The increasing number of cases worries health authorities, since the human and material resources to promote recovery, especially in the most serious cases, are considered complex, which can culminate in the collapse of the health system (WHO, 2020b).To ensure high complexity beds, used for the care needed for infected people, government entities mobilized to expand the number of these beds structured in

COVID-19 Stigma and Charismatic Social Relationship: A Legitimization Narrative of President Trump’s Status as a Charismatic Leader following a SARS-CoV-2 Infection Reported by the Portuguese Media

“…The stigma generated by COVID-19 is usually a source of shame, anxiety, and potentially social rejection felt directly by the infected, stigmatized person (or the person considered by others as a possible agent of infection) but also by those close to them (family, friends, health professionals, and communities considered to be more conducive to the existence and transmission of the virus, among others) [15,[26][27][28]. Stigma is almost always regarded for its potentially negative characteristics of social rejection and the various consequences involved, and the same has happened with its association with COVID-19 [11,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], which may even reinforce pre-existing stereotypes, difficulties, and negative images [33,42]. According to Joshi and Swarnakar [36] (p. 3), "All these cases of infectious-disease stigma rely on a binary between the 'normal' and the 'other' in the form of a culturally defined negative attribute or stigma to pass blame through social positions of power and control".…”