Signs, symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of parent-reported sleep bruxism in children: a case-control study

Abstract

Bruxism is the non-functional clenching or grinding of the teeth that may occur during sleep or less commonly in daytime. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical signs and symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of sleep bruxism in children. A population-based case-control study was carried out involving 120 children, 8 years of age, with sleep bruxism and 240 children without sleep bruxism. The sample was randomly selected from public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Groups were matched by gender and social class. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) drawn up by the city of Belo Horizonte was employed for social classification. Data collection instruments included clinical forms and pre-tested questionnaires. The diagnosis of sleep bruxism was supported by the American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. The McNemar test, binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. The risk factors associated with sleep bruxism included: primary canine wear (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3), biting of objects like pencils or pens (OR=2.0 IC 95% 1.2-3.3) and wake-time bruxism (tooth clenching) (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3). Children that present the parafunctions of object biting and wake-time bruxism were more susceptible to sleep bruxism.

Symptoms in different severity degrees of bruxism: a cross-sectional study

“…In our study, individuals with headache reported greater intensity of teeth clenching and pain, and studies shown that 65% of individuals with bruxism have temporal tensional type headaches, probably due to tonic muscle hyperactivity of the masticatory muscles 8,34 . A study demonstrated association between sleep bruxism and tensional type headaches, indicating that individuals with bruxism have a three-fold higher chance of developing them, justified by the central sensitization mechanism released by trigger points present in the craniofacial muscles 13,35 .…”

“…Even though some support for the association among bruxism, pain, change in sleep quality and oral health; anxiety, stress and depression has been provided, it remains a controversial issue. While bruxism can trigger these symptoms, it can also be generated by them 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Although there are studies about bruxism and psychosocial symptoms, those that associate bruxism with muscle pain, sleep quality, oral health, anxiety, stress and depression simultaneously are scarce, methodologically different and poor.…”

“…Although there are studies about bruxism and psychosocial symptoms, those that associate bruxism with muscle pain, sleep quality, oral health, anxiety, stress and depression simultaneously are scarce, methodologically different and poor. In addition, some of these studies present lack of information about bruxism type, heterogeneous assessment tools and the use of single clinical approach to the diagnosis of bruxism, not allowing a distinction between the sleep and awake bruxism 2,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] . Therefore, the knowledge of symptoms in different severity degrees of the bruxism is relevant for choice of therapeutic approaches, such as physiotherapeutic interventions and dental treatments, with the objectives of preventing and/or controlling bruxism and its symptoms 5,6 .…”

Agreement between two different approaches to assess parent-reported sleep bruxism in children

“…Although none of the questions was assumed as right, the FTQ showed greater coherence with factors already recognized as associated with childhood bruxism, considering behavioral and sleep characteristics 5,8,10,[12][13][14][15] . The AASM recommends the evaluation of the occurrence of audible teeth grinding during the night as a criterion for the definition of PSB 1 , however it does not indicate any validated questionnaire for this purpose.…”

Impacto do bruxismo do sono na musculatura do sistema estomatognático: avaliação eletromiográfica, força de mordida, função mastigatória, ultrassonográfica e qualidade de vida

“…Fatores patofisiológicos, psicológicos, neurofisiológicos, medicamentosos e, ainda, substâncias fisioativas (cafeína, álcool, nicotina, alucinógenos e opióides), bem como, os que promovem, por exemplo, interferências oclusais, podem provocar desequilíbrio na dinâmica da mastigação e causar o aparecimento de sobrecarga e fadiga muscular, ranger e apertar dos dentes, desgaste de superfícies dentais e dor orofacial (OKESON; ATTANASIO;MOHL, 1992; LAVIGNE et al, 2001, LOBBEZOO;NAEIJE, 2006;POMPONIO, 2010;MANFREDINI et al, 2011;SIQUEIRA, 2012;SERRA-NEGRA et al, 2012; VAN SELMS et al, 2013;SOUZA et al, 2015).…”