Efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes: acidente radiológico de Goiânia

Okuno, Emico

doi:10.1590/s0103-40142013000100014

Cited by 42 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…There are several types of ionizing radiation and each has different penetration power, causing different degrees of ionization in matter. 14,15 Ionizing radiation penetrates according to its type and energy. While alpha particles can be blocked by a sheet of paper, beta particles require a few millimeters of a material such as aluminum, to block them, while high-energy gamma radiation requires dense materials to block it, such as lead or concrete.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While alpha particles can be blocked by a sheet of paper, beta particles require a few millimeters of a material such as aluminum, to block them, while high-energy gamma radiation requires dense materials to block it, such as lead or concrete. 14,15 Ionizing radiation can occur naturally, for example, by the decomposition of natural radioactive substances such as radon gas. The rate at which a radionuclide decomposes (becomes less radioactive) is called half-life, which is the time it takes for a radioactive material to reduce its activity by half.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to measure radiation in various materials, even at very low levels, and the amount of measured radioactivity is expressed as a concentration. 14,15 Biological effects of radiation Ionizing radiation interacts with living matter in a process that takes place at the atomic level. Biological molecules are mainly constituted by atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that can be ejected when irradiated.…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytopathologic evaluation of patients submitted to radiotherapy for uterine cervix cancer

Padilha

Araujo

Souza

2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Summary Cervical cancer is an important public health problem. Pap smear is the leading strategy of screening programs for cervical cancer worldwide. However, delayed diagnosis leads to more aggressive and less effective treatments. Patients with uterine cervix malignancies who are referred for radiotherapy have advanced-stage disease, which results in high rates of locoregional recurrence. The use of radiotherapy as a treatment for cervical cancer causes morphological changes in neoplastic and non-neoplastic epithelial cells, as well as in stromal cells, which make it difficult to diagnose the residual lesion, resulting in a dilemma in cytopathological routine. Based on the difficulties of cytopathologic evaluation for the follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy for cervical cancer, our objective was to describe the actinic cytopathic effects. Our paper was based on a structured review including the period from June 2015 to April 2016, aiming at an exploratory-descriptive study. Bibliographic investigations were carried out through selection and analysis of articles, list of authors and keywords, selection of new articles focused on the analysis of bibliographic references to previously selected documents, as well as textbooks of recognized merit. The most incident actinic cytopathological alterations as described in the literature are: cellular gigantism, nuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization, dyskeratosis, bi- and multinucleated (B/M) cells, macro and multiple nucleoli, anisokaryosis, anisonucleolosis and nuclear pyknosis. To date, a protocol has not been established that can precisely differentiate the morphological characteristics between benign cells with actinic effects from recurrent malignant cells on post-radiotherapy smears.

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Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytopathologic evaluation of patients submitted to radiotherapy for uterine cervix cancer

Padilha

Araujo

Souza

2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…It is in the form of atomic particle or electromagnetic energy such as alpha particles, electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons, etc., which can be produced in particle accelerators or reactors and alpha particles; electrons and positrons are also spontaneously emitted from the nuclei of radioactive atoms [15].…”

Section: Gamma Radiation Use In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Rays’ Effect on Food Allergen Protein

Harder¹,

Arthur²

2017

New Insights on Gamma Rays

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Many foods cause different kinds of allergies for so many people due to health problems. Recently, gamma rays have been used to minimize this problem by altering the protein allergen structure. The aim of this study is to represent the use of the gamma rays in allergen food treatment and to show what happened to food structures. It can be concluded that the use of the technique of irradiation by gamma rays may be an efficient solution for allergic foods.

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“…Entretanto, o uso de radiações ionizantes podem resultar em danos biológicos aos organismos vivos [1,2]. A proteção radiológica trata de um conjunto de medidas e ações que objetivam proteger o ser humano dos efeitos danosos causados pelas radiações ionizantes [3].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Proteção Radiológica em Radiologia Médica

Rosa¹,

Barros²

2018

Anais Do v Congresso Brasileiro De Eletromiografia E Cinesiologia E X Simpósio De Engenharia Biomédica

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Resumo:A proteção radiológica é a medida mais efetiva para controle de dose e exposição à radiação ionizante, devendo ser aplicada em todas as modalidades do radiodiagnóstico, em especial para aquelas em que as doses são comumente elevadas, tal como a tomografia computadorizada e a radiologia intervencionista. Medidas que variam desde a blindagem de ambiente e controle de dose ocupacional, à aplicação do princípio ALARA, podem contribuir com uma redução significativa de dose, evitando possíveis danos à saúde a curto ou longo prazo. Além disso, cada modalidade possui métodos particulares de garantir proteção radiológica, os quais serão abordados no presente artigo. Palavras-chave: Proteção radiológica, radiodiagnóstico, segurança. [5,6,7] De acordo com a normativa CNEN-NN-3.01 -Diretrizes Básicas de Proteção Radiológica [5], os princípios de radioproteção são sustentados em três pontos principais: Justificação, limitação e otimização, sendo esta última controlada pelos parâmetros básicos de tempo, distância e blindagem, onde a aplicação destes parâmetros em conjunto devem resultar na menor dose possível tanto para pacientes quanto para operadores. [8] Quando estes princípios não são seguidos, a probabilidade de ocorrência de um dano biológico aumenta. Estes danos variam de acordo com o tipo de radiação, tempo de exposição e intensidade, e ocorrem em decorrência da ionização de moléculas que podem lesionar direta ou indiretamente o DNA [9]. Os danos estocásticos são caracterizados pelas exposições ao longo do tempo, cuja probabilidade de ocorrência de um dano causado à celula quando esta não é corretamente reparada aumenta, enquanto os não-estocásticos são causados a partir de um determinado limiar de dose, onde o dano celular é detectável. Ainda existem os danos hereditários, que podem ser passado aos descendentes do indivíduo irradiado. AbstractPor isso, é importante que se tenha em vista as atividades que podem contribuir para que se mantenham as boas práticas de segurança radiológica dentro de instalações de saúde das diversas modalidades. Raio-XNa radiologia geral, quando os princípios de radioproteção são aplicados, as doses em pacientes e operadores são reduzidas significativamente, comparado à outras modalidades de radiodiagnóstico. Entretanto, é importante observar que as crianças são mais

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Efeitos biológicos das radiações ionizantes: acidente radiológico de Goiânia

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Cytopathologic evaluation of patients submitted to radiotherapy for uterine cervix cancer

Cytopathologic evaluation of patients submitted to radiotherapy for uterine cervix cancer

Gamma Rays’ Effect on Food Allergen Protein

Proteção Radiológica em Radiologia Médica

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