MPB: a trilha sonora da abertura política (1975/1982)

Abstract

A proposta de abertura do regime, elemento central da agenda política do regime militar brasileiro na segunda metade dos anos 1970, teve um grande impacto na cena cultural protagonizada pela oposição civil ao regime. A fase da "distensão-abertura" coincidiu com a consagração comercial e cultural da Música Popular Brasileira (MPB) que, desde os anos 1960, desempenhava um papel importante na cultura de esquerda. Com o abrandamento da censura, esse gênero musical tornou-se uma área de expressão artística ainda mais privilegiada pela oposição, porta-voz dos projetos, dilemas e utopias das classes médias críticas ao regime. Neste artigo, analisarei o papel histórico e os circuitos socioculturais ocupados pela MPB no contexto da "abertura" política.

Fome, comida e bebida na música popular brasileira: um breve ensaio

“…Indeed, in 1987 the country was experiencing the third year of the post-military dictatorship democratization process or democratic transition, in the context known as the New Republic. On the other hand, although it was formed in 1982 with a musical proposal with marked cultural characteristics of resistance to the military dictatorship, the Titãs are linked to a different musical genre to the "protest song," namely "Brazilian rock" (Marmo, Alzer, 2002;Napolitano, 2010;Tinhorão, 2013). Thus, the intentional inclusion of the song "Comida" in our analysis was an attempt to point out the different approaches to the word hunger in the two contexts.…”

“…In this respect, the different portrayals of hunger traced by MPB artists during the military dictatorship and the democratic transition period become comprehensible. Making an analogy of the analysis made by Napolitano (2010) on the distinctions between the radical protest songs of the 1969-1974 period (which he called "songs of the leaden years") and those of the 1975-1982 period (which he called "songs of openness"), 5 we would say that the context of hunger portrayed by MPB artists between the years 1960-1970 had passed, but the context of obesity and freedom was already beginning from the mid-1980s onwards, though it was not yet depicted in popular songs. Finally, in the context of the campaign against military dictatorship and for the democratization of the country, it is worth highlighting the role of the Brazilian health movement, the main objectives of which were to implement health reform and establish the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde -SUS) (Fleury, 2009).…”

“…In this respect, at the time, both were considered by fellow artists and MPB critics as "alienated" and "Americanized." From this perspective, both the use of electrical and electronic musical instruments and the reference to the habit of consuming "Coca-Cola" in the lyrics of "Alegria, alegria" seem to indicate the "modernizing," "Americanized" and "alienated" trend of the creators of Tropicália (Contier, 1998;Napolitano, 2004Napolitano, , 2010Neder, 2012;Tinhorão, 2013). 8 According to Bakhtin (1999, p.106), "the meaning of the word is completely determined by its context.…”

“…2 In the field of MPB, our focus of analysis will be the so-called "protest song." 3 This is the musical genre that emerged and became consolidated in the historical period under scrutiny, with the main feature being aesthetic, cultural, political, ideological and social criticism as a form of civil resistance and opposition to the military dictatorship (Contier, 1998;Napolitano, Villaça 1998;Naves, 2000;Napolitano, 2004Napolitano, , 2010Kirschbaum, Carvalho de Vasconcelos, 2007;Neder, 2012;Tinhorão, 2013). The nutritional scenario of the period was the stage for three major field surveys of food and nutrition: (1) The research into family spending on food conducted in 1962 by the Getulio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getulio Vargas -FGV); (2) The Nutrition Survey in Northeast Brazil, in 1963 based on an agreement between the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Development (ICNND) of the United States and the Institute of Nutrition of the Federal University of Pernambuco; and (3) The National Survey of Household Spending (Endef), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística -IBGE) in the years [1974][1975].…”

Os significados da “Sinfonia do café”: uma releitura da canção de Humberto Teixeira

“…Palavras-chave: café; samba-exaltação; música popular brasileira; Humberto Teixeira (1915Teixeira ( -1979; Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975.…”