O uso do fogo: o manejo indígena e a piromania da monocultura

Leonel, Mauro

doi:10.1590/s0103-40142000000300019

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Second, in agricultural sciences, fire is considered an archaic and cheap tool, unproductive and harmful for the environment. This goes with the idea that people using fire are "backward" and "uneducated" themselves (Leonel, 2000). For example, in Roraima and Amazonas (Brazil), local community-burning practices are strongly criticised by agricultural state governmental institutions which have developed several initiatives to replace swidden cultivation systems with the use of tractors under the slogan "technology is white, not Indigenous" (Emperaire & Eloy, 2015;Oliveira et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fire suppression to fire management: Advances and resistances to changes in fire policy in the savannas of Brazil and Venezuela

Eloy

Bilbao

Mistry

et al. 2018

Geographical Journal

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Anthropogenic fire has long shaped landscapes and livelihoods in South American savanna environments. With the growing recognition of the failures of fire suppression policies and the relevance of local peoples’ practices, the Brazilian and Venezuelan governments have begun to shift to fire management policies in savanna ecosystems. Using case studies from protected areas in Cerrado and Gran Sabana, and results from two multi‐stakeholder meetings held in Parupa (Venezuela) and Brasilia (Brazil), we identify advances, resistances and challenges to inter‐cultural fire management in both countries. We show that the two regions host pioneer experiences in collaborative research based on improved dialogue and knowledge exchanges between scientists, institutions, Indigenous and local communities as well as fire management implementation including “controlled” and “prescribed” burnings. However, in some places, narrow understanding of the complexity and historical dynamics of local fire practices and the strong resistance to recognise the value of traditional fire knowledge might restrain effective participation of local communities. We argue that more collaborative research is necessary to support community owned solutions for intercultural and participative fire management in changing environmental and socio‐cultural contexts.

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Section: Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fire suppression to fire management: Advances and resistances to changes in fire policy in the savannas of Brazil and Venezuela

Eloy

Bilbao

Mistry

et al. 2018

Geographical Journal

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“…Em alguns casos tratava-se de procedimento simples: antes das primeiras chuvas anuais, ateava-se fogo -por fricção rotativa (COOPER, 1987) -ao fragmento de mata escolhido, valendo-se como combustível apenas a matéria seca naturalmente depositada sobre o solo. A quebra manual de ramos ou o desbaste de arbustos incrementava, em outros casos, o material comburente, sendo comum que homens montassem guarda nos arredores do terreno a ser queimado a fim de se evitar o alastre das chamas floresta adentro (LEONEL, 2000).…”

Section: Sistema Autóctone De Desmatamento E Queimaunclassified

“…Não é seguro omitir qualquer uma dessas análises para que se compreenda a diminuição no tempo de pousio indígena, ao que todas as pesquisas indicam, ocorrido somente após o encontro com os colonizadores (LEONEL, 2000). Os novos padrões culturais, trazidos do além-mar, desencadearam uma série de mudanças sociais e produtivas na agricultura autóctone, configurando uma verdadeira "revolução agrícola" impulsionada pela competição fundiária, onde a inovação técnica não pode ser tomada senão como primariamente induzida pela difusão cultural de contato ou através da ostensiva intervenção institucional.…”

Section: Diminuição No Tempo De Pousio: Inovação Colonialunclassified

Outro lado da fronteira agrícola: breve história sobre a origem e declínio da agricultura autóctone no cerrado

Feltran-Barbieri

2010

Ambient. soc.

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Origem da agriculturaSe o Neolítico representa para a pré-história humana o momento das grandes inovações culturais, a manipulação do solo foi dentre todas a mais revolucionária. Ela traz, de uma só vez, a modelagem do barro e a agricultura de modo tão inextricável que se tornou raro à Ciência admitir a existência de povoamentos horticultores que não conhecessem o uso da cerâmica, ou ceramistas que ainda não houvessem domesticado plantas (LEROI-GOURHAN et al., 1981).As motivações ao fabrico de peças e ao cultivo de espécies vegetais, entretanto, não foram as mesmas. Os artigos cerâmicos devem sua provável origem às manifestações artística, mística e religiosa -como no caso dos sambaquis utilizados para sepultamentos -ou vingaram como instrumentos eficientes no cozimento de alimentos e reservatórios de água domiciliar. Já a Agricultura articulou-se pelo alargamento das possibilidades exploratórias por recursos alimentares.Num período em que o polimento da pedra permitia a elaboração de aparatos eficazes na caça, quebra ou corte de frutos e raízes, e a população mundial crescia, a pressão demográfica e a rarefação de itens elementares de consumo (por causa climática ou antrópica) poderiam ter sido diligentes de um processo, já há milênios em latência, mas não motivos irrevogáveis para o surgimento da agricultura. Provavelmente, sua origem está na manipulação de espécies selvagens próxima às habitações, que acabou por conduzir à formação de pequenas jardineiras acidentais através do brotamento espontâneo de grãos e sementes desperdiçados (MAZOYER; ROUDART, 2001). Wells (1991), todavia,

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“…Non-Indigenous Venezuelans (criollos) often call them (in a prejudiced way) as "quemones", a play on words in Spanish to refer to "Pemones" (plural of Pemón) as people who burn a lot. In the same way, in Brazil the Indigenous people have been pointed out as "savage" and "tenacious incendiaries" ("selvagens" and "incendiários contumazes", in Portuguese) [55] who cause great fires. However, more recent research in Canaima National Park, Venezuela and in the savanna of Brazil reveal that Indigenous traditional fire serves as a tool to manage flammable materials and actually decreases wildfire risks [4,5,8,9,53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Traditional theoretical ecological schools predict that under very wet tropical climate conditions the vegetation should be continuous forest cover, instead of the actual mosaic of coexisting forests and savannas, frequently found in this region. This has been used to support the prevailing view of fire as a threat to forest sustainability and biodiversity conservation, condemning traditional human uses of fire [13,15,54,55]. This academic perspective has been used in the region to support public policies that ban the use of fire in natural ecosystems, condemning in the public eye all Indigenous burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sharing Multiple Perspectives on Burning: Towards a Participatory and Intercultural Fire Management Policy in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana

Bilbao

Mistry

Millán

et al. 2019

Fire

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Although there is convincing scientific research for the role of Indigenous fire practices in sustainable land management, Indigenous peoples’ involvement in policy-making is limited. This paper presents findings from a fire management workshop where experiences and perspectives were shared among 60 academic, government, and Indigenous representatives from 27 organizations from Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana. The data, in the form of small group discussions, participatory drawings, whole group reflections, and videos, showed that although there was general acceptance about the central role of fire in traditional Indigenous livelihoods and its importance for protecting the biological and cultural diversity of ecosystems, there were also tensions around the past imposition of a dominant fire exclusion discourse of governmental institutions in Indigenous territories. Overcoming the gaps derived from different experiences and historical worldviews, and building mutual trust and respect were the main challenges when integrating multiple perspectives through the “intercultural interface” of institutions working on environmental management and governance. The elaboration of a common declaration and next steps in the framework of a “Participatory and Intercultural Fire Management Network”, created during the workshop to enhance a sustainable fire policy, revealed the conviction of working together for Indigenous fire management legitimization and strengthening from all participants of the three countries.

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O uso do fogo: o manejo indígena e a piromania da monocultura

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

From fire suppression to fire management: Advances and resistances to changes in fire policy in the savannas of Brazil and Venezuela

From fire suppression to fire management: Advances and resistances to changes in fire policy in the savannas of Brazil and Venezuela

Outro lado da fronteira agrícola: breve história sobre a origem e declínio da agricultura autóctone no cerrado

Sharing Multiple Perspectives on Burning: Towards a Participatory and Intercultural Fire Management Policy in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana

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