“…The bitterest debate about the history of Brazilian industry occurred at the end of the 1960s, reached its peak in the 1970s, and gradually petered out in the last two decades of the twentieth century (Saes, 1989). Generally speaking, the controversy began with Carlos Manuel Peláez' criticism of Celso Furtado, starting in 1968, and afterwards systematized in two books in the 1970s (Peláez, 1968(Peláez, , 1969(Peláez, , 1971.…”