Regulation of in vitro somatic embryogenesis with emphasis on to the role of endogenous hormones

Abstract

Different aspects of the in vitro somatic embryogenesis regulation are reviewed in this paper.work. A description of g General aspects, such as terminology, uses, stages of development and factors associated with the somatic embryogenesis, are described. is carried out. Although a brief description ofn the effects of the addition of different plant growth regulators to the culture medium wasis given, the article is centereds itself on the effect that the endogenous hormone concentrations in the initial explants and in the tissue cultures derived from them could play oin the induction and expression of somatic embryogenesis. It is significant that few to emphasize the low amount of systematic studies have been conducted, in this subject, in which different species and hormone groups were compared in cultures with and without embryogenic capacity. Moreover, the lack of correlation between the results presented in different studies the distinct works indicates that the hormone content of the cultures is not the only factor involved.

High Frequency in vitro Propagation Through Somatic Embryogenesis of Iphigenia indica Kunth et Benth, an Endangered Medicinal and Colchicines Yielding Herb of Commercial Interest

“…The new gene products needed for the transition of the globular embryos to the heart shaped stage can be synthesized only when exogenous auxin is removed (Zimmermann 1993). It is also assumed that removal of exogenous auxin from the medium helps to establish a bilateral symmetry in polar auxin transport, an essential phenomenon for embryogenesis (Zimenez 2001). In the current study, half strength of MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l kinetin showed production of maximum percentage of embryos with distinct epicotyl and hypocotyl formation (Figs.…”

Induction of somatic embryogenesis as an example of stress-related plant reactions

“…After the appropriate stimulus, this phase is followed by the expression or initiation of SE in which competent cells or proembryos start developing. Finally, during maturation, somatic embryos anticipate germination by desiccation and reserve accumulation (Jiménez, 2001). SE must therefore consist of replacement of the existing pattern of gene expression in the explant tissue for a new embryogenic gene expression program (Chugh and Khurana, 2002;Zeng et al 2007).…”

THE EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR TRIACONTANOL TO THE GROWTH OF CACAO SEEDLINGS (Theobroma cacao L.)

“…Giving triacontanol the optimum concentration of events will effectively stimulate signaling pathways in cells, and effectively balancet the ratio hormone endogenous to exogenous hormones working together in a coordinated fashion to control the growth of cacao seedlings through the process of cell division, cell elongation, and set the balance so as to produce the maximum growth of the seedling height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf width. According to Jimenez (2001); Chaudhury and Qu (2000), in order to determine the induction and expression of the growth and development of young plants, a certain ratio of endogenous and exogenous hormones is required. The effectiveness of exogenous growth regulators depends on the concentration of endogenous hormones (Bhaskaran and Smith, 1990).…”