The positive effect of Botulinum toxin type A on the viability of random flap in tobacco exposed in rats

Abstract

PURPOSE:To evaluate the effect of Botulinum Toxin A in different time of tobacco exposure.METHODS: 60 male, Wistar rats were divided into two tobacco exposure groups: a 2-month or a 4-month regimen. After this period, these two groups were subdivided as two: saline solution(SS) or botulinum toxin A(Bonta), at the time of the surgery. Seven days before the SS or Bonta injection, the animals were submitted to a random flap (3x10cm). On the seventh postoperative day, all animals were assessed for total flap area, viable area, and the viable/ total area ratio. RESULTS:This study showed a difference between groups 2-month saline vs. BontA injection (p=0.04); groups 4-month saline vs.BontA injection (p=0.001); groups 2-month saline vs. 4-month BontA (p=0.003), and, between groups 2-month BontA vs. 4-month saline(p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS:Botulinum Toxin A increased random flap viability in tobacco-exposed rats. Two months of tobacco exposure had the same effect as exposure for four months.

Hyaluronic acid in tobacco-exposed rats. Inflammatory reaction, and duration of effect

“…This study had some limitations, one of the drawbacks of the rat model was the difference in the anatomical structure between human subcutaneous tissue and panniculus carnosus at the rat 11 . Considering these differences and according to Marler et al.…”

“…According to our previous study this model induced a carboxyhemoglobin level similar to a moderate smoker 17 , 18 . Moreover, we exposed the animal for two-months to cause a tobacco endothelial dysfunction 11 , 17 .…”

“…Carbon monoxide (CO) was monitored using a single-gas detector (ToxiPro; Biosystems, USA) to maintain a CO concentration of 300-350 parts per million (ppm) inside the box 10 . The smoke exposure regimen consisted of two daily sessions (30 min per session) for 60 days 11 .…”

Role of botulinum neurotoxin–A in cerebral revascularization graft vasospasm prevention: current state of knowledge

“…1,6-8, 10, 22, 32, 36, 39, 40, 49, 50, 54, 57,62 In these studies, a rat model was most commonly used (n = 14/15) and there was significant variability in BTX dose (0.1-20 IU), application method (subdermal, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular or perivascular injection, direct application to the vessels, or tissue bath), treated flaps (random cutaneous, abdominal or dorsal cutaneous, transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous, cremaster, spinotrapezius, or gastrocnemius muscular), and evaluation time points (5 minutes to 21 days). Better flap survival rates, 10,22,32,36,39,50,54,57 increased angiogenesis and angiogenic marker expression, 36,39,40,49,50,54 improved blood flow, 54,57 vasodilation, 8,39,50,62 and reduced inflammation and inflammatory marker expression 1,6 were observed in the BTX treatment groups as compared to controls. Interestingly, BTX-A also improved random cutaneous flap survival in rats after short-and long-term tobacco exposure, demonstrating its potential efficacy for the prevention of reconstructive and revascularization surgery complications in smokers.…”

“…Interestingly, BTX-A also improved random cutaneous flap survival in rats after short-and long-term tobacco exposure, demonstrating its potential efficacy for the prevention of reconstructive and revascularization surgery complications in smokers. 10,36 Although these animal studies provide valuable insights into the potential benefit of BTX in revascularization surgery, marked differences in innervation and response to spasmogens have been demonstrated between human and animal blood vessels. 26,28,29 The first translational application of BTX-A for cerebrovascular bypass graft spasm prevention in humans was only recently published.…”