Antioxidant effect of Legalon(r) SIL in ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat skeletal muscle

Ergün, Yusuf; Uremis, Muhammed Mehdi; Kılınç, Metin; Alıcı, Tuğrul

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020160040000007

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The study of SM as ergogenic in the performance of exercise or in muscle recovery is, to our knowledge, null. Some findings indicate that SM and its major compound, silibinin, could act as a protector in ischemic reperfusion injuries in tissue types including skeletal muscle [ 51 ] through a different mechanism, such as enhancing the antioxidant response, scavenging free radicals, inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, and cell death, among others [ 52 ]. Barari et al [ 53 ] evaluated the effect of SM alcoholic juice (5 mg/kg/day) in 24 males divided into three groups: exercise without SM(E); exercise plus SM (ESM), and control (C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

Vargas-Mendoza

Ángeles-Valencia

Madrigal-Santillán

et al. 2020

IJMS

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(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

Vargas-Mendoza

Ángeles-Valencia

Madrigal-Santillán

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Although SOD 2 mRNA expression did not display any significant changes, our results show that the serum levels of SOD2 increased in skeletal muscle; this finding is possibly due to the mechanism of atorvastatin regulation. 11 CAT levels were increased after 24 h in groups treated with atorvastatin, thus suggesting that atorvastatin modulates CAT expression; this effect has already been proved with other drugs in skeletal muscle. 13 However, the NO 2 , NO 3 , and 8-OHdG levels do not show significant changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Effect of atorvastatin on oxidative damage and inflammation in experimental hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion model

et al. 2018

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Ischemia-reperfusion is defined as cellular damage after the reperfusion of ischemic tissue, and it is likely to occur in relation to various diseases and surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capability of atorvastatin to prevent oxidative damage and modulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines in rat hindlimb during ischemia-reperfusion injury. The animals were divided into 4 groups (ischemia-reperfusion + vehicle, ischemiareperfusion + atorvastatin, sham, and healthy controls) with 15 rats per group. The animals were exposed to ischemia for 6 h, followed by 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days of reperfusion. Atorvastatin was administered by gavage 14 days before ischemia-reperfusion induction. We then measured the serum concentrations and mRNA transcript levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, SOD2, and CAT. Hematoxylin and eosin stain were performed for histological analyses. Animals subjected to ischemia-reperfusion showed increased serum and transcript levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 expressions with a concurrent increase in mRNA transcripts levels compared with sham and healthy controls. Groups treated with atorvastatin showed a significant CAT increase in the first 24 h, but CAT levels decreased at 7 and 14 days. SOD2 enzyme increased in serum without significant changes in mRNA expression. Histological analysis showed inflammatory infiltrate, microhemorrhages, and distortion of the tissue architecture in the first 7 days. At 14 days, the tissue showed loss and damage to myocytes. However, animals treated with atorvastatin showed few histological changes and a decrease in inflammatory cytokines. No significant changes in NO 2 , NO 3 , or 8-OHdG were observed. Atorvastatin showed a protective effect on the inflammation and tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in the hindlimb. The antioxidant effect of atorvastatin in the hindlimb is already unclear, and further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this drug in the extremities.

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“…Group III (PC) underwent ischemic postconditioning that was formed by clamping the unilateral lower limb for 180 minutes immediately after reperfusion by carotids. Lower limb ischemia was induced by the application of a tourniquet that clamped on the upper third of the right leg as previously described by Ergün (12). The ischemic period of limb muscle was selected to be 180 minutes until the distal pulses of the compressed limb could not be taken.…”

Section: Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and remote ischemic postconditioning ameliorate the myocardial injury in rats under cerebral stroke

Aykan¹,

Seyithanoğlu²,

Kazanci³

2019

Erciyes Med J

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Objective: Currently, there is uncertainty about the increased risk of myocardial infarction following ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and the method of risk management after the stroke. In this experimental study, we aimed to evaluate myocardial injury after inducing global cerebral ischemia in rats and assess their responses to the treatments with diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and ischemic postconditioning (PC). Materials and Methods: Global cerebral ischemia was induced by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for 20 minutes and subsequently reperfusing them. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into 4 treatment groups (n=8 for each group). Group I received 7 mg/kg/day infliximab immediately and at 6 hours after the stroke and group II received 10 mg/ kg/day leflunomide immediately and at 6 hours after the stroke. In group III, the skeletal muscle in the limbs was clamped for 180 minutes immediately after the stroke and was reperfused for 120 minutes. Group IV was sham-operated and received saline immediately and at 6 hours after the stroke. Myocardium tissue samples were collected for histopathologic assays and to create hypoxia-induced tissue oxidative markers. Results: We found that apoptosis and nucleus loss in the myocardium were significantly decreased after the administration of infliximab, leflunomide, and remote ischemic PC. Necrosis in the myocardium and cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) level were also significantly decreased after treatment with remote skeletal muscle PC. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that remote ischemic PC and DMARDs were protective against cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury. They acted by mobilizing the endogenous adaptive mechanisms in the myocardium and inhibited oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

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Antioxidant effect of Legalon(r) SIL in ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat skeletal muscle

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training

Effect of atorvastatin on oxidative damage and inflammation in experimental hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion model

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and remote ischemic postconditioning ameliorate the myocardial injury in rats under cerebral stroke

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